Warming of +1.5 °C is too high for polar ice sheets

Abstract Mass loss from ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica has quadrupled since the 1990s and now represents the dominant source of global mean sea-level rise from the cryosphere. This has raised concerns about their future stability and focussed attention on the global mean temperature threshol...

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Main Authors: Chris R. Stokes, Jonathan L. Bamber, Andrea Dutton, Robert M. DeConto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Communications Earth & Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02299-w
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author Chris R. Stokes
Jonathan L. Bamber
Andrea Dutton
Robert M. DeConto
author_facet Chris R. Stokes
Jonathan L. Bamber
Andrea Dutton
Robert M. DeConto
author_sort Chris R. Stokes
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Mass loss from ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica has quadrupled since the 1990s and now represents the dominant source of global mean sea-level rise from the cryosphere. This has raised concerns about their future stability and focussed attention on the global mean temperature thresholds that might trigger more rapid retreat or even collapse, with renewed calls to meet the more ambitious target of the Paris Climate Agreement and limit warming to +1.5 °C above pre-industrial. Here we synthesise multiple lines of evidence to show that +1.5 °C is too high and that even current climate forcing (+1.2 °C), if sustained, is likely to generate several metres of sea-level rise over the coming centuries, causing extensive loss and damage to coastal populations and challenging the implementation of adaptation measures. To avoid this requires a global mean temperature that is cooler than present and which we hypothesise to be closer to +1 °C above pre-industrial, possibly even lower, but further work is urgently required to more precisely determine a ‘safe limit’ for ice sheets.
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spelling doaj-art-6ebcba888cf844e19274f276db1beb452025-08-20T03:08:44ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Earth & Environment2662-44352025-05-016111210.1038/s43247-025-02299-wWarming of +1.5 °C is too high for polar ice sheetsChris R. Stokes0Jonathan L. Bamber1Andrea Dutton2Robert M. DeConto3Department of Geography, Durham UniversitySchool of Geographical Science, University of BristolDepartment of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin–MadisonDepartment of Earth, Geographic, and Climate Sciences, University of Massachusetts AmherstAbstract Mass loss from ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica has quadrupled since the 1990s and now represents the dominant source of global mean sea-level rise from the cryosphere. This has raised concerns about their future stability and focussed attention on the global mean temperature thresholds that might trigger more rapid retreat or even collapse, with renewed calls to meet the more ambitious target of the Paris Climate Agreement and limit warming to +1.5 °C above pre-industrial. Here we synthesise multiple lines of evidence to show that +1.5 °C is too high and that even current climate forcing (+1.2 °C), if sustained, is likely to generate several metres of sea-level rise over the coming centuries, causing extensive loss and damage to coastal populations and challenging the implementation of adaptation measures. To avoid this requires a global mean temperature that is cooler than present and which we hypothesise to be closer to +1 °C above pre-industrial, possibly even lower, but further work is urgently required to more precisely determine a ‘safe limit’ for ice sheets.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02299-w
spellingShingle Chris R. Stokes
Jonathan L. Bamber
Andrea Dutton
Robert M. DeConto
Warming of +1.5 °C is too high for polar ice sheets
Communications Earth & Environment
title Warming of +1.5 °C is too high for polar ice sheets
title_full Warming of +1.5 °C is too high for polar ice sheets
title_fullStr Warming of +1.5 °C is too high for polar ice sheets
title_full_unstemmed Warming of +1.5 °C is too high for polar ice sheets
title_short Warming of +1.5 °C is too high for polar ice sheets
title_sort warming of 1 5 °c is too high for polar ice sheets
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02299-w
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