Sawmill Residue Valorization as Adsorbent for Cd2+ from Aqueous Solution

Raw sawmill wood adsorbent (RSWA) and sawmill wood biochar adsorbent (SWBA) were evaluated as eco-friendly materials for removing cadmium ions (Cd²⁺) from aqueous solutions. The sawmill waste was thermally treated, and the resulting biochar was characterized using FT-IR, SEM, and BET analyses, revea...

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Main Authors: Ali El-Rayyes, Ibrahim Arogundade, Ezekiel Folorunsho Sodiya, Edwin Andrew Ofudje, Moamen S. Refat, Amnah Mohammed Alsuhaibani, James Asamu Akande
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: North Carolina State University 2025-07-01
Series:BioResources
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Online Access:https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24634
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author Ali El-Rayyes
Ibrahim Arogundade
Ezekiel Folorunsho Sodiya
Edwin Andrew Ofudje
Moamen S. Refat,
Amnah Mohammed Alsuhaibani
James Asamu Akande
author_facet Ali El-Rayyes
Ibrahim Arogundade
Ezekiel Folorunsho Sodiya
Edwin Andrew Ofudje
Moamen S. Refat,
Amnah Mohammed Alsuhaibani
James Asamu Akande
author_sort Ali El-Rayyes
collection DOAJ
description Raw sawmill wood adsorbent (RSWA) and sawmill wood biochar adsorbent (SWBA) were evaluated as eco-friendly materials for removing cadmium ions (Cd²⁺) from aqueous solutions. The sawmill waste was thermally treated, and the resulting biochar was characterized using FT-IR, SEM, and BET analyses, revealing a rough, porous structure comprising functional groups that enhance adsorption. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that SWBA exhibited a higher adsorption capacity (85.4 mg/g at 45 °C) compared to RSWA (78.6 mg/g at 40 °C), with equilibrium times of 180 min for SWBA and 150 min for RSWA. Adsorption efficiency was pH-dependent, with optimal removal occurring at pH 6 for SWBA and pH 5 for RSWA. Kinetic modeling confirmed that adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model, while isotherm studies indicated a stronger correlation with the Freundlich model. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the process to be endothermic and spontaneous. Desorption studies revealed a decline in adsorption efficiency over multiple cycles, with RSWA exhibiting slightly better desorption performance than SWBA. These findings highlight sawmill wood biochar as a cost-effective and sustainable solution for wastewater treatment, particularly in heavy metal removal.
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spelling doaj-art-6eb76a349af94cbb83a8fa95c88f10e12025-08-20T03:38:39ZengNorth Carolina State UniversityBioResources1930-21262025-07-01203704870742940Sawmill Residue Valorization as Adsorbent for Cd2+ from Aqueous SolutionAli El-Rayyes0Ibrahim Arogundade1Ezekiel Folorunsho Sodiya2Edwin Andrew Ofudje3Moamen S. Refat,4Amnah Mohammed Alsuhaibani5James Asamu Akande6Center for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ogun State, NigeriaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ogun State, NigeriaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ogun State, NigeriaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Sports Health, College of Sport Sciences & Physical Activity, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Caleb University, Imota, Lagos State, NigeriaRaw sawmill wood adsorbent (RSWA) and sawmill wood biochar adsorbent (SWBA) were evaluated as eco-friendly materials for removing cadmium ions (Cd²⁺) from aqueous solutions. The sawmill waste was thermally treated, and the resulting biochar was characterized using FT-IR, SEM, and BET analyses, revealing a rough, porous structure comprising functional groups that enhance adsorption. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that SWBA exhibited a higher adsorption capacity (85.4 mg/g at 45 °C) compared to RSWA (78.6 mg/g at 40 °C), with equilibrium times of 180 min for SWBA and 150 min for RSWA. Adsorption efficiency was pH-dependent, with optimal removal occurring at pH 6 for SWBA and pH 5 for RSWA. Kinetic modeling confirmed that adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model, while isotherm studies indicated a stronger correlation with the Freundlich model. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the process to be endothermic and spontaneous. Desorption studies revealed a decline in adsorption efficiency over multiple cycles, with RSWA exhibiting slightly better desorption performance than SWBA. These findings highlight sawmill wood biochar as a cost-effective and sustainable solution for wastewater treatment, particularly in heavy metal removal.https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24634adsorbentbiocharpollutionsawmill wastevalorization
spellingShingle Ali El-Rayyes
Ibrahim Arogundade
Ezekiel Folorunsho Sodiya
Edwin Andrew Ofudje
Moamen S. Refat,
Amnah Mohammed Alsuhaibani
James Asamu Akande
Sawmill Residue Valorization as Adsorbent for Cd2+ from Aqueous Solution
BioResources
adsorbent
biochar
pollution
sawmill waste
valorization
title Sawmill Residue Valorization as Adsorbent for Cd2+ from Aqueous Solution
title_full Sawmill Residue Valorization as Adsorbent for Cd2+ from Aqueous Solution
title_fullStr Sawmill Residue Valorization as Adsorbent for Cd2+ from Aqueous Solution
title_full_unstemmed Sawmill Residue Valorization as Adsorbent for Cd2+ from Aqueous Solution
title_short Sawmill Residue Valorization as Adsorbent for Cd2+ from Aqueous Solution
title_sort sawmill residue valorization as adsorbent for cd2 from aqueous solution
topic adsorbent
biochar
pollution
sawmill waste
valorization
url https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24634
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