Role of HCl and Cl2 in the Tropospheric Ozone Formation at Delhi, India
Abstract Delhi experiences severe air quality deterioration in winter. The role of atmospheric aerosols is well known for affecting human health, visibility, cloud formation, and other atmospheric processes. Ozone also plays a very important role in the atmospheric chemistry of any city. Previously,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s44408-025-00044-8 |
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| author | Saurabh Dhakad Umesh Chandra Kulshrestha |
| author_facet | Saurabh Dhakad Umesh Chandra Kulshrestha |
| author_sort | Saurabh Dhakad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Delhi experiences severe air quality deterioration in winter. The role of atmospheric aerosols is well known for affecting human health, visibility, cloud formation, and other atmospheric processes. Ozone also plays a very important role in the atmospheric chemistry of any city. Previously, high ozone concentrations were observed in Delhi during the lockdown. This article investigates the concentration of ozone in the troposphere with chlorine concentrations. The main anthropogenic sources of chlorine in the atmosphere are coal combustion, biomass burning and, burning chlorinated substances, including plastic waste. To study the relationship between gaseous Cl− (Clg)/HCl and tropospheric ozone (O3), we measured particulate Cl−, Clg, PM10, PM2.5 and ozone on an 8-h interval period during severe air pollution conditions in Delhi (November–December 2023). In this study, average concentrations of ozone, particulate Cl−, PM2.5, PM10, and Clg were recorded as 35.56 μg m−3, 0.91 μg m−3, 219.59 μg m−3, 333.80 μg m−3, and 19.06 μg m−3 respectively. Results showed a significant negative correlation between ozone and particulate Cl− (r = − 0.51) which suggested that higher concentrations of particulate chlorine were associated with lower ozone levels. The study emphasize the need for a larger program involving remote sensing data to explain recent ozone spikes reported in the Delhi region. Graphical Abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6ea4f47db50846759dfc7a9d6d8babad |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-6ea4f47db50846759dfc7a9d6d8babad2025-08-20T03:46:00ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092025-07-0125711410.1007/s44408-025-00044-8Role of HCl and Cl2 in the Tropospheric Ozone Formation at Delhi, IndiaSaurabh Dhakad0Umesh Chandra Kulshrestha1School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversitySchool of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityAbstract Delhi experiences severe air quality deterioration in winter. The role of atmospheric aerosols is well known for affecting human health, visibility, cloud formation, and other atmospheric processes. Ozone also plays a very important role in the atmospheric chemistry of any city. Previously, high ozone concentrations were observed in Delhi during the lockdown. This article investigates the concentration of ozone in the troposphere with chlorine concentrations. The main anthropogenic sources of chlorine in the atmosphere are coal combustion, biomass burning and, burning chlorinated substances, including plastic waste. To study the relationship between gaseous Cl− (Clg)/HCl and tropospheric ozone (O3), we measured particulate Cl−, Clg, PM10, PM2.5 and ozone on an 8-h interval period during severe air pollution conditions in Delhi (November–December 2023). In this study, average concentrations of ozone, particulate Cl−, PM2.5, PM10, and Clg were recorded as 35.56 μg m−3, 0.91 μg m−3, 219.59 μg m−3, 333.80 μg m−3, and 19.06 μg m−3 respectively. Results showed a significant negative correlation between ozone and particulate Cl− (r = − 0.51) which suggested that higher concentrations of particulate chlorine were associated with lower ozone levels. The study emphasize the need for a larger program involving remote sensing data to explain recent ozone spikes reported in the Delhi region. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1007/s44408-025-00044-8OzoneChlorineHClPlastic waste burningAir pollutionUrban ambient air |
| spellingShingle | Saurabh Dhakad Umesh Chandra Kulshrestha Role of HCl and Cl2 in the Tropospheric Ozone Formation at Delhi, India Aerosol and Air Quality Research Ozone Chlorine HCl Plastic waste burning Air pollution Urban ambient air |
| title | Role of HCl and Cl2 in the Tropospheric Ozone Formation at Delhi, India |
| title_full | Role of HCl and Cl2 in the Tropospheric Ozone Formation at Delhi, India |
| title_fullStr | Role of HCl and Cl2 in the Tropospheric Ozone Formation at Delhi, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of HCl and Cl2 in the Tropospheric Ozone Formation at Delhi, India |
| title_short | Role of HCl and Cl2 in the Tropospheric Ozone Formation at Delhi, India |
| title_sort | role of hcl and cl2 in the tropospheric ozone formation at delhi india |
| topic | Ozone Chlorine HCl Plastic waste burning Air pollution Urban ambient air |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s44408-025-00044-8 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT saurabhdhakad roleofhclandcl2inthetroposphericozoneformationatdelhiindia AT umeshchandrakulshrestha roleofhclandcl2inthetroposphericozoneformationatdelhiindia |