Shifts in Precipitation Accumulation Extremes During the Warm Season Over the United States

Abstract Precipitation accumulations, integrated over precipitation events in hourly data, are examined from 1979 to 2013 over the contiguous United States during the warm season (May–October). As expected from theory, accumulation distributions have a characteristic shape, with an approximate power...

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Main Authors: Cristian Martinez‐Villalobos, J. David Neelin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2018-08-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078465
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author Cristian Martinez‐Villalobos
J. David Neelin
author_facet Cristian Martinez‐Villalobos
J. David Neelin
author_sort Cristian Martinez‐Villalobos
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Precipitation accumulations, integrated over precipitation events in hourly data, are examined from 1979 to 2013 over the contiguous United States during the warm season (May–October). As expected from theory, accumulation distributions have a characteristic shape, with an approximate power law decrease with event size followed by an exponential drop at a characteristic cutoff scale sL for each location. This cutoff is a predictor of the highest accumulation percentiles and of a similarly defined daily precipitation cutoff PL. Comparing 1997–2013 and 1979–1995 periods, there are significant regional increases in sL in several regions. This yields distribution changes that are weighted disproportionately toward extreme accumulations. In the Northeast, for example, risk ratio (conditioned on occurrence) for accumulations larger than 109 mm increases by a factor of 2–4 (5th–95th). These changes in risk ratio as a function of size, and connection to underlying theory, have counterparts in the observed daily precipitation trends.
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spelling doaj-art-6e9ad56d6afc4d04aaa0fd9dbf1cbe6a2025-08-20T01:58:00ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072018-08-0145168586859510.1029/2018GL078465Shifts in Precipitation Accumulation Extremes During the Warm Season Over the United StatesCristian Martinez‐Villalobos0J. David Neelin1Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA U.S.ADepartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA U.S.AAbstract Precipitation accumulations, integrated over precipitation events in hourly data, are examined from 1979 to 2013 over the contiguous United States during the warm season (May–October). As expected from theory, accumulation distributions have a characteristic shape, with an approximate power law decrease with event size followed by an exponential drop at a characteristic cutoff scale sL for each location. This cutoff is a predictor of the highest accumulation percentiles and of a similarly defined daily precipitation cutoff PL. Comparing 1997–2013 and 1979–1995 periods, there are significant regional increases in sL in several regions. This yields distribution changes that are weighted disproportionately toward extreme accumulations. In the Northeast, for example, risk ratio (conditioned on occurrence) for accumulations larger than 109 mm increases by a factor of 2–4 (5th–95th). These changes in risk ratio as a function of size, and connection to underlying theory, have counterparts in the observed daily precipitation trends.https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078465precipitation accumulationsextreme eventsglobal warmingriskdaily precipitationUnited States
spellingShingle Cristian Martinez‐Villalobos
J. David Neelin
Shifts in Precipitation Accumulation Extremes During the Warm Season Over the United States
Geophysical Research Letters
precipitation accumulations
extreme events
global warming
risk
daily precipitation
United States
title Shifts in Precipitation Accumulation Extremes During the Warm Season Over the United States
title_full Shifts in Precipitation Accumulation Extremes During the Warm Season Over the United States
title_fullStr Shifts in Precipitation Accumulation Extremes During the Warm Season Over the United States
title_full_unstemmed Shifts in Precipitation Accumulation Extremes During the Warm Season Over the United States
title_short Shifts in Precipitation Accumulation Extremes During the Warm Season Over the United States
title_sort shifts in precipitation accumulation extremes during the warm season over the united states
topic precipitation accumulations
extreme events
global warming
risk
daily precipitation
United States
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078465
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