Soil methane emission suppression control using unmanned aircraft vehicle swarm application of biochar mulch - A simulation study

In this paper, we present a soil methane emissions suppression approach using swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), by spreading biochar mulch on top of the detected methane emissions area/source. Soil microorganisms can produce methane and release it into the atmosphere causing climate change...

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Main Authors: Di An, Derek Hollenbeck, Kai Cao, YangQuan Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2023-05-01
Series:Journal of Information and Intelligence
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949715922000063
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author Di An
Derek Hollenbeck
Kai Cao
YangQuan Chen
author_facet Di An
Derek Hollenbeck
Kai Cao
YangQuan Chen
author_sort Di An
collection DOAJ
description In this paper, we present a soil methane emissions suppression approach using swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), by spreading biochar mulch on top of the detected methane emissions area/source. Soil microorganisms can produce methane and release it into the atmosphere causing climate change such as global warming. However, people lack methods to manage soil methane emissions, especially quantification of methane emissions from the soil. Current measurement and suppression of methane methods are often limited due to the maintenance, installation, and calibration requirements of these sensing systems. To overcome these drawbacks, we present a new method called FADE-MAS2D (Fractional Advection Diffusion Mobile Actuator and Sensor) in which swarming UAVs are applied as optimal coverage control actuators to various methane release scenarios (from single to multi-source disturbances) utilizing an anomalous diffusion model with different time, and space fractional orders subject to wind fields. This strategy is based on the premise that methane diffusion can be modeled as an anomalous diffusion equation, and swarming UAVs can be applied to tackle the optimal coverage control issue. To simulate methane diffusion under the wind, we utilize the fractional calculus to solve the anomalous diffusion equation and define wind force with the drag equation. In addition, we integrated emissions control, UAV control efforts, and UAV location error in our cost function. Finally, we evaluated our approach using simulation experiments with methane diffusion and multiple methane emission sources in the time and space domain, respectively. The results show that when α ​= ​0.8 and β ​= ​1.8, the shape and emissions of methane perform well. Furthermore, our approach resulted in great control performance with multiple methane emission sources and different wind velocities and directions.
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spelling doaj-art-6e66c4e569dc4cfc962862f78c8330de2025-08-20T03:33:54ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Journal of Information and Intelligence2949-71592023-05-0111688510.1016/j.jiixd.2022.11.002Soil methane emission suppression control using unmanned aircraft vehicle swarm application of biochar mulch - A simulation studyDi An0Derek Hollenbeck1Kai Cao2YangQuan Chen3Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USASchool of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, ChinaDepartment of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA; Corresponding author. Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343 USA.In this paper, we present a soil methane emissions suppression approach using swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), by spreading biochar mulch on top of the detected methane emissions area/source. Soil microorganisms can produce methane and release it into the atmosphere causing climate change such as global warming. However, people lack methods to manage soil methane emissions, especially quantification of methane emissions from the soil. Current measurement and suppression of methane methods are often limited due to the maintenance, installation, and calibration requirements of these sensing systems. To overcome these drawbacks, we present a new method called FADE-MAS2D (Fractional Advection Diffusion Mobile Actuator and Sensor) in which swarming UAVs are applied as optimal coverage control actuators to various methane release scenarios (from single to multi-source disturbances) utilizing an anomalous diffusion model with different time, and space fractional orders subject to wind fields. This strategy is based on the premise that methane diffusion can be modeled as an anomalous diffusion equation, and swarming UAVs can be applied to tackle the optimal coverage control issue. To simulate methane diffusion under the wind, we utilize the fractional calculus to solve the anomalous diffusion equation and define wind force with the drag equation. In addition, we integrated emissions control, UAV control efforts, and UAV location error in our cost function. Finally, we evaluated our approach using simulation experiments with methane diffusion and multiple methane emission sources in the time and space domain, respectively. The results show that when α ​= ​0.8 and β ​= ​1.8, the shape and emissions of methane perform well. Furthermore, our approach resulted in great control performance with multiple methane emission sources and different wind velocities and directions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949715922000063Fractional calculusDiffusionCVTDIFF-MAS-2DFADE-MAS-2DCoverage control
spellingShingle Di An
Derek Hollenbeck
Kai Cao
YangQuan Chen
Soil methane emission suppression control using unmanned aircraft vehicle swarm application of biochar mulch - A simulation study
Journal of Information and Intelligence
Fractional calculus
Diffusion
CVT
DIFF-MAS-2D
FADE-MAS-2D
Coverage control
title Soil methane emission suppression control using unmanned aircraft vehicle swarm application of biochar mulch - A simulation study
title_full Soil methane emission suppression control using unmanned aircraft vehicle swarm application of biochar mulch - A simulation study
title_fullStr Soil methane emission suppression control using unmanned aircraft vehicle swarm application of biochar mulch - A simulation study
title_full_unstemmed Soil methane emission suppression control using unmanned aircraft vehicle swarm application of biochar mulch - A simulation study
title_short Soil methane emission suppression control using unmanned aircraft vehicle swarm application of biochar mulch - A simulation study
title_sort soil methane emission suppression control using unmanned aircraft vehicle swarm application of biochar mulch a simulation study
topic Fractional calculus
Diffusion
CVT
DIFF-MAS-2D
FADE-MAS-2D
Coverage control
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949715922000063
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