Chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice
Abstract Chronic systemic inflammation (CSI) induces skeletal muscle atrophy. The severity of tissue damage caused by CSI varies according to sex. However, there are still many unknowns regarding the sex differences in skeletal muscle atrophy in patients with CSI. This study aimed to determine the s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Physiological Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70431 |
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| author | Ryoga Kinoshita Jay Jung Sakura Hattori Tatsuhiro Yamaguchi Takaya Kotani Karina Kouzaki Yuki Tamura Koichi Nakazato |
| author_facet | Ryoga Kinoshita Jay Jung Sakura Hattori Tatsuhiro Yamaguchi Takaya Kotani Karina Kouzaki Yuki Tamura Koichi Nakazato |
| author_sort | Ryoga Kinoshita |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Chronic systemic inflammation (CSI) induces skeletal muscle atrophy. The severity of tissue damage caused by CSI varies according to sex. However, there are still many unknowns regarding the sex differences in skeletal muscle atrophy in patients with CSI. This study aimed to determine the sex differences in CSI‐induced muscle atrophy using male and female C57BL/6J mice. 12‐week‐old mice were divided into peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide (PG‐PS) (each sex, n = 9) and control groups (each sex, n = 10). In the ovariectomy (OVX) study, 8‐week‐old female C57BL/6J mice were divided into sham, OVX + Saline, and OVX + PG‐PS groups (each group; n = 6). A single intraperitoneal injection of PG‐PS or saline was administered to the mice. After 3 weeks, blood and lower leg skeletal muscles were collected. Plasma inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly increased in both sexes following PG‐PS treatment. However, only male mice showed soleus muscle atrophy, decreased muscle protein synthesis (MPS), and increased apoptosis. In the OVX study, the OVX + PG‐PS group exhibited soleus muscle atrophy caused by PG‐PS‐induced CSI. In atrophic muscles, PG‐PS activated p65 and c‐Jun. These findings suggest that ovarian function regulates muscle protein metabolism and suppresses CSI‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy in female mice. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6e52de99bd274d9aac5a83fcd6a2e2a4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2051-817X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Physiological Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-6e52de99bd274d9aac5a83fcd6a2e2a42025-08-20T03:31:56ZengWileyPhysiological Reports2051-817X2025-06-011312n/an/a10.14814/phy2.70431Chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized C57BL/6J miceRyoga Kinoshita0Jay Jung1Sakura Hattori2Tatsuhiro Yamaguchi3Takaya Kotani4Karina Kouzaki5Yuki Tamura6Koichi Nakazato7Nippon Sport Science University Setagaya JapanNippon Sport Science University Setagaya JapanNippon Sport Science University Setagaya JapanThe University of Tokyo Meguro JapanThe University of Tokyo Meguro JapanNippon Sport Science University Setagaya JapanNippon Sport Science University Setagaya JapanNippon Sport Science University Setagaya JapanAbstract Chronic systemic inflammation (CSI) induces skeletal muscle atrophy. The severity of tissue damage caused by CSI varies according to sex. However, there are still many unknowns regarding the sex differences in skeletal muscle atrophy in patients with CSI. This study aimed to determine the sex differences in CSI‐induced muscle atrophy using male and female C57BL/6J mice. 12‐week‐old mice were divided into peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide (PG‐PS) (each sex, n = 9) and control groups (each sex, n = 10). In the ovariectomy (OVX) study, 8‐week‐old female C57BL/6J mice were divided into sham, OVX + Saline, and OVX + PG‐PS groups (each group; n = 6). A single intraperitoneal injection of PG‐PS or saline was administered to the mice. After 3 weeks, blood and lower leg skeletal muscles were collected. Plasma inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly increased in both sexes following PG‐PS treatment. However, only male mice showed soleus muscle atrophy, decreased muscle protein synthesis (MPS), and increased apoptosis. In the OVX study, the OVX + PG‐PS group exhibited soleus muscle atrophy caused by PG‐PS‐induced CSI. In atrophic muscles, PG‐PS activated p65 and c‐Jun. These findings suggest that ovarian function regulates muscle protein metabolism and suppresses CSI‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy in female mice.https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70431inflammationsex differenceskeletal muscle |
| spellingShingle | Ryoga Kinoshita Jay Jung Sakura Hattori Tatsuhiro Yamaguchi Takaya Kotani Karina Kouzaki Yuki Tamura Koichi Nakazato Chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice Physiological Reports inflammation sex difference skeletal muscle |
| title | Chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice |
| title_full | Chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice |
| title_fullStr | Chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice |
| title_short | Chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice |
| title_sort | chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized c57bl 6j mice |
| topic | inflammation sex difference skeletal muscle |
| url | https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70431 |
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