Chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice

Abstract Chronic systemic inflammation (CSI) induces skeletal muscle atrophy. The severity of tissue damage caused by CSI varies according to sex. However, there are still many unknowns regarding the sex differences in skeletal muscle atrophy in patients with CSI. This study aimed to determine the s...

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Main Authors: Ryoga Kinoshita, Jay Jung, Sakura Hattori, Tatsuhiro Yamaguchi, Takaya Kotani, Karina Kouzaki, Yuki Tamura, Koichi Nakazato
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Physiological Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70431
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author Ryoga Kinoshita
Jay Jung
Sakura Hattori
Tatsuhiro Yamaguchi
Takaya Kotani
Karina Kouzaki
Yuki Tamura
Koichi Nakazato
author_facet Ryoga Kinoshita
Jay Jung
Sakura Hattori
Tatsuhiro Yamaguchi
Takaya Kotani
Karina Kouzaki
Yuki Tamura
Koichi Nakazato
author_sort Ryoga Kinoshita
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Chronic systemic inflammation (CSI) induces skeletal muscle atrophy. The severity of tissue damage caused by CSI varies according to sex. However, there are still many unknowns regarding the sex differences in skeletal muscle atrophy in patients with CSI. This study aimed to determine the sex differences in CSI‐induced muscle atrophy using male and female C57BL/6J mice. 12‐week‐old mice were divided into peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide (PG‐PS) (each sex, n = 9) and control groups (each sex, n = 10). In the ovariectomy (OVX) study, 8‐week‐old female C57BL/6J mice were divided into sham, OVX + Saline, and OVX + PG‐PS groups (each group; n = 6). A single intraperitoneal injection of PG‐PS or saline was administered to the mice. After 3 weeks, blood and lower leg skeletal muscles were collected. Plasma inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly increased in both sexes following PG‐PS treatment. However, only male mice showed soleus muscle atrophy, decreased muscle protein synthesis (MPS), and increased apoptosis. In the OVX study, the OVX + PG‐PS group exhibited soleus muscle atrophy caused by PG‐PS‐induced CSI. In atrophic muscles, PG‐PS activated p65 and c‐Jun. These findings suggest that ovarian function regulates muscle protein metabolism and suppresses CSI‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy in female mice.
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spelling doaj-art-6e52de99bd274d9aac5a83fcd6a2e2a42025-08-20T03:31:56ZengWileyPhysiological Reports2051-817X2025-06-011312n/an/a10.14814/phy2.70431Chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized C57BL/6J miceRyoga Kinoshita0Jay Jung1Sakura Hattori2Tatsuhiro Yamaguchi3Takaya Kotani4Karina Kouzaki5Yuki Tamura6Koichi Nakazato7Nippon Sport Science University Setagaya JapanNippon Sport Science University Setagaya JapanNippon Sport Science University Setagaya JapanThe University of Tokyo Meguro JapanThe University of Tokyo Meguro JapanNippon Sport Science University Setagaya JapanNippon Sport Science University Setagaya JapanNippon Sport Science University Setagaya JapanAbstract Chronic systemic inflammation (CSI) induces skeletal muscle atrophy. The severity of tissue damage caused by CSI varies according to sex. However, there are still many unknowns regarding the sex differences in skeletal muscle atrophy in patients with CSI. This study aimed to determine the sex differences in CSI‐induced muscle atrophy using male and female C57BL/6J mice. 12‐week‐old mice were divided into peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide (PG‐PS) (each sex, n = 9) and control groups (each sex, n = 10). In the ovariectomy (OVX) study, 8‐week‐old female C57BL/6J mice were divided into sham, OVX + Saline, and OVX + PG‐PS groups (each group; n = 6). A single intraperitoneal injection of PG‐PS or saline was administered to the mice. After 3 weeks, blood and lower leg skeletal muscles were collected. Plasma inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly increased in both sexes following PG‐PS treatment. However, only male mice showed soleus muscle atrophy, decreased muscle protein synthesis (MPS), and increased apoptosis. In the OVX study, the OVX + PG‐PS group exhibited soleus muscle atrophy caused by PG‐PS‐induced CSI. In atrophic muscles, PG‐PS activated p65 and c‐Jun. These findings suggest that ovarian function regulates muscle protein metabolism and suppresses CSI‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy in female mice.https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70431inflammationsex differenceskeletal muscle
spellingShingle Ryoga Kinoshita
Jay Jung
Sakura Hattori
Tatsuhiro Yamaguchi
Takaya Kotani
Karina Kouzaki
Yuki Tamura
Koichi Nakazato
Chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice
Physiological Reports
inflammation
sex difference
skeletal muscle
title Chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice
title_full Chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice
title_fullStr Chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice
title_full_unstemmed Chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice
title_short Chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice
title_sort chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized c57bl 6j mice
topic inflammation
sex difference
skeletal muscle
url https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70431
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