Dynamic Modeling and Performance Analysis of Liquid Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage System
With the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy and the surge of peak power system demand, liquid carbon dioxide energy storage technology has become a research hotspot due to its high energy density and environmental friendliness. However, most of the existing research focuses on the stead...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Aolei Chen Xinyuan Nan Xin Cai |
| author_facet | Aolei Chen Xinyuan Nan Xin Cai |
| author_sort | Aolei Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy and the surge of peak power system demand, liquid carbon dioxide energy storage technology has become a research hotspot due to its high energy density and environmental friendliness. However, most of the existing research focuses on the steady-state performance of the system, and the parameter coupling and transient response characteristics under dynamic operating conditions are not yet clear. To this end, this paper constructs a dynamic simulation model of a 10 MW-class liquid carbon dioxide energy storage (LCES) based on the Simulink platform, focuses on the coupling effects of the compressor inlet temperature, pressure, and mass flow rate and the expander inlet mass flow rate on the system parameters, and reveals the dynamic correlation between the system work and the state of charge value of the tank under the variable power working condition. The results show that the system’s round-trip efficiency (RTE) is 65.3% under design conditions, and the energy density reaches 34.79 kW·h·m<sup>−3</sup>. Perturbation analysis shows that when the compressor inlet temperature rises from 283.15 K to 303.15 K, the power consumption fluctuates in the range of 96.84% to 102.99% under design conditions. The inlet pressure perturbation (0.5~1.5 bar) will cause the power consumption of the compressor to change by 80.2%. In variable power operation, the state of charge value of the high-pressure liquid tank level in the energy storage stage rises from 0 to 84.89%, and the state of charge value of the high-pressure liquid tank level in the energy release stage decreases from 84.89% to 31.48%. The dynamic model proposed in this paper can accurately capture the transient response characteristics of the system and provide theoretical support for the optimization design and engineering application of LCES. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6e4e9bc7cc7442a3b99e7804fadbb464 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-6e4e9bc7cc7442a3b99e7804fadbb4642025-08-20T03:46:49ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-06-011811295510.3390/en18112955Dynamic Modeling and Performance Analysis of Liquid Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage SystemAolei Chen0Xinyuan Nan1Xin Cai2College of Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaCollege of Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaCollege of Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaWith the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy and the surge of peak power system demand, liquid carbon dioxide energy storage technology has become a research hotspot due to its high energy density and environmental friendliness. However, most of the existing research focuses on the steady-state performance of the system, and the parameter coupling and transient response characteristics under dynamic operating conditions are not yet clear. To this end, this paper constructs a dynamic simulation model of a 10 MW-class liquid carbon dioxide energy storage (LCES) based on the Simulink platform, focuses on the coupling effects of the compressor inlet temperature, pressure, and mass flow rate and the expander inlet mass flow rate on the system parameters, and reveals the dynamic correlation between the system work and the state of charge value of the tank under the variable power working condition. The results show that the system’s round-trip efficiency (RTE) is 65.3% under design conditions, and the energy density reaches 34.79 kW·h·m<sup>−3</sup>. Perturbation analysis shows that when the compressor inlet temperature rises from 283.15 K to 303.15 K, the power consumption fluctuates in the range of 96.84% to 102.99% under design conditions. The inlet pressure perturbation (0.5~1.5 bar) will cause the power consumption of the compressor to change by 80.2%. In variable power operation, the state of charge value of the high-pressure liquid tank level in the energy storage stage rises from 0 to 84.89%, and the state of charge value of the high-pressure liquid tank level in the energy release stage decreases from 84.89% to 31.48%. The dynamic model proposed in this paper can accurately capture the transient response characteristics of the system and provide theoretical support for the optimization design and engineering application of LCES.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2955compressed carbon dioxide energy storagedynamic modelingdesign conditionsperturbation analysis |
| spellingShingle | Aolei Chen Xinyuan Nan Xin Cai Dynamic Modeling and Performance Analysis of Liquid Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage System Energies compressed carbon dioxide energy storage dynamic modeling design conditions perturbation analysis |
| title | Dynamic Modeling and Performance Analysis of Liquid Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage System |
| title_full | Dynamic Modeling and Performance Analysis of Liquid Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage System |
| title_fullStr | Dynamic Modeling and Performance Analysis of Liquid Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamic Modeling and Performance Analysis of Liquid Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage System |
| title_short | Dynamic Modeling and Performance Analysis of Liquid Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage System |
| title_sort | dynamic modeling and performance analysis of liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system |
| topic | compressed carbon dioxide energy storage dynamic modeling design conditions perturbation analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2955 |
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