Feasibility of PlanetScope SuperDove constellation for water quality monitoring of inland and coastal waters

Planet’s SuperDove (SD) sensors offer eight bands (seven visible, one near infrared (NIR)) at 3 m spatial and near-daily temporal resolution. The yellow (610 nm) and red-edge (705 nm) bands are valuable for retrieving water quality (WQ) parameters, supporting applications such as harmful algal bloom...

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Main Authors: Sakib Kabir, Arun M. Saranathan, Brian B. Barnes, Akash Ashapure, Ryan E. O’Shea, Victoria G. Stengel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsen.2025.1624783/full
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author Sakib Kabir
Arun M. Saranathan
Arun M. Saranathan
Brian B. Barnes
Akash Ashapure
Akash Ashapure
Ryan E. O’Shea
Ryan E. O’Shea
Victoria G. Stengel
author_facet Sakib Kabir
Arun M. Saranathan
Arun M. Saranathan
Brian B. Barnes
Akash Ashapure
Akash Ashapure
Ryan E. O’Shea
Ryan E. O’Shea
Victoria G. Stengel
author_sort Sakib Kabir
collection DOAJ
description Planet’s SuperDove (SD) sensors offer eight bands (seven visible, one near infrared (NIR)) at 3 m spatial and near-daily temporal resolution. The yellow (610 nm) and red-edge (705 nm) bands are valuable for retrieving water quality (WQ) parameters, supporting applications such as harmful algal bloom (HAB) and post-disaster monitoring. To enable scientific use, we assess signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), with the highest (248:1) at 443 nm and the lowest (8:1) at 865 nm, and other visible bands ranging from 26:1–98:1. We cross-calibrated SD with Sentinel-2 Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) using near-simultaneous observations over aquatic environments by comparing top-of-atmosphere (TOA; ρt ) reflectance across five shared visible bands (443, 490, 565, 665, and 705 nm), and derived calibration coefficients through linear regression. Before calibration, SD-MSI median ρt  differences ranged from ∼0.7–13%, with highest differences at 705 nm. After applying the calibration, these differences reduced to −0.07% to −2.2%, including improvements at 665 nm (from ∼8% to −2.2%) and 705 nm (from ∼13% to −0.1%). Differences in atmospherically corrected remote sensing reflectance (Rrs ) also decreased from 16%–95% to 8%–72% post-calibration, with 565 nm showing the lowest (∼8%) and 705 nm the highest (∼72%) residual difference. Remaining Rrs  discrepancies are attributed in part to SD’s inter-sensor differences and uncertainties in atmospheric correction. We qualitatively compared chlorophyll-a (Chla) and Secchi-disk depth (Zsd ) WQ products from SD and MSI, including a time-series analysis focused on the Dixie Fire and subsequent algal bloom in Lake Almanor (Sept–December 2021). The products captured expected trends, highlighting SD’s potential for WQ monitoring, while elevated uncertainties in ρt  and Rrs  suggest the need for improved calibration stability and atmospheric correction.
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spelling doaj-art-6e432e90134a40fa8bc71aaa5a6f086c2025-08-20T02:56:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Remote Sensing2673-61872025-08-01610.3389/frsen.2025.16247831624783Feasibility of PlanetScope SuperDove constellation for water quality monitoring of inland and coastal watersSakib Kabir0Arun M. Saranathan1Arun M. Saranathan2Brian B. Barnes3Akash Ashapure4Akash Ashapure5Ryan E. O’Shea6Ryan E. O’Shea7Victoria G. Stengel8Science Systems and Applications, Inc, Lanham, MD, United StatesScience Systems and Applications, Inc, Lanham, MD, United StatesNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United StatesUniversity of South Florida, StPetersburg, FL, United StatesScience Systems and Applications, Inc, Lanham, MD, United StatesNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United StatesScience Systems and Applications, Inc, Lanham, MD, United StatesNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United StatesU.S. Geological Survey Geology, Energy and Minerals Science Center, Reston, VA, United StatesPlanet’s SuperDove (SD) sensors offer eight bands (seven visible, one near infrared (NIR)) at 3 m spatial and near-daily temporal resolution. The yellow (610 nm) and red-edge (705 nm) bands are valuable for retrieving water quality (WQ) parameters, supporting applications such as harmful algal bloom (HAB) and post-disaster monitoring. To enable scientific use, we assess signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), with the highest (248:1) at 443 nm and the lowest (8:1) at 865 nm, and other visible bands ranging from 26:1–98:1. We cross-calibrated SD with Sentinel-2 Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) using near-simultaneous observations over aquatic environments by comparing top-of-atmosphere (TOA; ρt ) reflectance across five shared visible bands (443, 490, 565, 665, and 705 nm), and derived calibration coefficients through linear regression. Before calibration, SD-MSI median ρt  differences ranged from ∼0.7–13%, with highest differences at 705 nm. After applying the calibration, these differences reduced to −0.07% to −2.2%, including improvements at 665 nm (from ∼8% to −2.2%) and 705 nm (from ∼13% to −0.1%). Differences in atmospherically corrected remote sensing reflectance (Rrs ) also decreased from 16%–95% to 8%–72% post-calibration, with 565 nm showing the lowest (∼8%) and 705 nm the highest (∼72%) residual difference. Remaining Rrs  discrepancies are attributed in part to SD’s inter-sensor differences and uncertainties in atmospheric correction. We qualitatively compared chlorophyll-a (Chla) and Secchi-disk depth (Zsd ) WQ products from SD and MSI, including a time-series analysis focused on the Dixie Fire and subsequent algal bloom in Lake Almanor (Sept–December 2021). The products captured expected trends, highlighting SD’s potential for WQ monitoring, while elevated uncertainties in ρt  and Rrs  suggest the need for improved calibration stability and atmospheric correction.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsen.2025.1624783/fullsuperdoveradiometrysignal-to-noise ratiotop-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectanceremote sensing reflectanceinland/coastal waters
spellingShingle Sakib Kabir
Arun M. Saranathan
Arun M. Saranathan
Brian B. Barnes
Akash Ashapure
Akash Ashapure
Ryan E. O’Shea
Ryan E. O’Shea
Victoria G. Stengel
Feasibility of PlanetScope SuperDove constellation for water quality monitoring of inland and coastal waters
Frontiers in Remote Sensing
superdove
radiometry
signal-to-noise ratio
top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance
remote sensing reflectance
inland/coastal waters
title Feasibility of PlanetScope SuperDove constellation for water quality monitoring of inland and coastal waters
title_full Feasibility of PlanetScope SuperDove constellation for water quality monitoring of inland and coastal waters
title_fullStr Feasibility of PlanetScope SuperDove constellation for water quality monitoring of inland and coastal waters
title_full_unstemmed Feasibility of PlanetScope SuperDove constellation for water quality monitoring of inland and coastal waters
title_short Feasibility of PlanetScope SuperDove constellation for water quality monitoring of inland and coastal waters
title_sort feasibility of planetscope superdove constellation for water quality monitoring of inland and coastal waters
topic superdove
radiometry
signal-to-noise ratio
top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance
remote sensing reflectance
inland/coastal waters
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsen.2025.1624783/full
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