Cell Progression and Survival Functions of Enzymes Secreted in Extracellular Vesicles Associated with Breast and Prostate Cancers

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound cargoes secreted by normal and pathological cells. Through their protein, nucleic acid, and lipid cargoes, EVs mediate several cellular processes, such as cell–cell communication, cell development, immune response, and tissue repair. Most importantly,...

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Main Authors: Cosmos Ifeanyi Onyiba, Niwasini Krishna Kumar, Christopher J. Scarlett, Judith Weidenhofer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Cells
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/7/468
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author Cosmos Ifeanyi Onyiba
Niwasini Krishna Kumar
Christopher J. Scarlett
Judith Weidenhofer
author_facet Cosmos Ifeanyi Onyiba
Niwasini Krishna Kumar
Christopher J. Scarlett
Judith Weidenhofer
author_sort Cosmos Ifeanyi Onyiba
collection DOAJ
description Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound cargoes secreted by normal and pathological cells. Through their protein, nucleic acid, and lipid cargoes, EVs mediate several cellular processes, such as cell–cell communication, cell development, immune response, and tissue repair. Most importantly, through their enzyme cargo, EVs mediate pathophysiological processes, including the pathogenesis of cancer. In this review, we enumerate several enzymes secreted in EVs (EV enzyme cargo) from cells and patient clinical samples of breast and prostate cancers and detail their contributions to the progression and survival of both cancers. Findings in this review reveal that the EV enzyme cargo could exert cell progression functions via adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. The EV enzyme cargo might also influence cell survival functions of chemoresistance, radioresistance, angiogenesis, cell death inhibition, cell colony formation, and immune evasion. While the current literature provides evidence of the possible contributions of the EV enzyme cargo to the progression and survival mechanisms of breast and prostate cancers, future studies are required to validate that these effects are modified by EVs and provide insights into the clinical applications of the EV enzyme cargo in breast and prostate cancer.
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series Cells
spelling doaj-art-6e3c0e52402f4b9491fd9dfa34e2485a2025-08-20T02:09:11ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-03-0114746810.3390/cells14070468Cell Progression and Survival Functions of Enzymes Secreted in Extracellular Vesicles Associated with Breast and Prostate CancersCosmos Ifeanyi Onyiba0Niwasini Krishna Kumar1Christopher J. Scarlett2Judith Weidenhofer3School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, AustraliaHunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, AustraliaExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound cargoes secreted by normal and pathological cells. Through their protein, nucleic acid, and lipid cargoes, EVs mediate several cellular processes, such as cell–cell communication, cell development, immune response, and tissue repair. Most importantly, through their enzyme cargo, EVs mediate pathophysiological processes, including the pathogenesis of cancer. In this review, we enumerate several enzymes secreted in EVs (EV enzyme cargo) from cells and patient clinical samples of breast and prostate cancers and detail their contributions to the progression and survival of both cancers. Findings in this review reveal that the EV enzyme cargo could exert cell progression functions via adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. The EV enzyme cargo might also influence cell survival functions of chemoresistance, radioresistance, angiogenesis, cell death inhibition, cell colony formation, and immune evasion. While the current literature provides evidence of the possible contributions of the EV enzyme cargo to the progression and survival mechanisms of breast and prostate cancers, future studies are required to validate that these effects are modified by EVs and provide insights into the clinical applications of the EV enzyme cargo in breast and prostate cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/7/468extracellularvesiclesproteinsenzymesbreastprostate
spellingShingle Cosmos Ifeanyi Onyiba
Niwasini Krishna Kumar
Christopher J. Scarlett
Judith Weidenhofer
Cell Progression and Survival Functions of Enzymes Secreted in Extracellular Vesicles Associated with Breast and Prostate Cancers
Cells
extracellular
vesicles
proteins
enzymes
breast
prostate
title Cell Progression and Survival Functions of Enzymes Secreted in Extracellular Vesicles Associated with Breast and Prostate Cancers
title_full Cell Progression and Survival Functions of Enzymes Secreted in Extracellular Vesicles Associated with Breast and Prostate Cancers
title_fullStr Cell Progression and Survival Functions of Enzymes Secreted in Extracellular Vesicles Associated with Breast and Prostate Cancers
title_full_unstemmed Cell Progression and Survival Functions of Enzymes Secreted in Extracellular Vesicles Associated with Breast and Prostate Cancers
title_short Cell Progression and Survival Functions of Enzymes Secreted in Extracellular Vesicles Associated with Breast and Prostate Cancers
title_sort cell progression and survival functions of enzymes secreted in extracellular vesicles associated with breast and prostate cancers
topic extracellular
vesicles
proteins
enzymes
breast
prostate
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/7/468
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AT christopherjscarlett cellprogressionandsurvivalfunctionsofenzymessecretedinextracellularvesiclesassociatedwithbreastandprostatecancers
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