Pancreas cystic lesion with surprise findings on confocal laser endomicroscopy

Background and Aims: The incidental diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions has been increasing, ranging from 2% to 45%, as determined by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. This report describes the case of a 74-year-old female patient referred for a finding on magnetic resonance imag...

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Main Authors: Ayah Matar, MD, Gregory Charville, MD, PhD, Maggie Lam, MD, Samer El-Dika, MD
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:VideoGIE
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468448125000359
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author Ayah Matar, MD
Gregory Charville, MD, PhD
Maggie Lam, MD
Samer El-Dika, MD
author_facet Ayah Matar, MD
Gregory Charville, MD, PhD
Maggie Lam, MD
Samer El-Dika, MD
author_sort Ayah Matar, MD
collection DOAJ
description Background and Aims: The incidental diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions has been increasing, ranging from 2% to 45%, as determined by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. This report describes the case of a 74-year-old female patient referred for a finding on magnetic resonance imaging of a unilocular cystic lesion in the pancreas tail. Methods: Based on the cyst’s size and its unclear nature, the patient was subjected to a repeat EUS at our institution, which showed an anechoic 35 × 20-mm finely septated lesion in the pancreatic tail. To help determine the nature of the cyst, EUS-guided needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (EUS-nCLE) was used because of its ability to visualize the cyst wall mucosal layer to a micrometer resolution. Results: EUS-nCLE of the cyst wall showed an intersecting network of vessels, with background arrangement of gray oval structures and at times background arrangement of dark lobular structures. The findings were not consistent with a mucinous pancreas cyst, serous cystadenoma, or cystic neuroendocrine tumor. As for the NGS, the cyst fluid was positive for both KRAS and PIK3CA pathogenic mutations. After the patient’s distal pancreatectomy, histologic examination of the lesion entirely revealed a vascular malformation. The lesion did not have a distinct wall and was surrounded by fat and pancreas tissue. This vascular malformation is a form of lymphangioma. Conclusion: Lymphangiomas of the pancreas are rare, accounting for 0.2% of all pancreatic lesions. Targeted NGS performed at our institution on the surgical specimen showed absence of KRAS and PIK3CA mutations, suggesting an erroneous or false-positive initial analysis of the cyst fluid. The gray oval structures observed during EUS-nCLE correspond to adipocytes marking part of the cyst border. The dark lobular structures (coffee beans) observed during EUS-nCLE correspond to pancreatic acini marking another part of the cyst border. When these EUS-nCLE patterns are observed in a pancreas cystic lesion in the absence of any epithelial pattern, close follow-up with cross-sectional imaging should be considered instead, especially if the lesion is in a pancreas location that entails major surgery.
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spelling doaj-art-6e2fe88bbfea43f8adef7dfa493d5f352025-08-20T02:31:44ZengElsevierVideoGIE2468-44812025-06-0110629930110.1016/j.vgie.2025.02.005Pancreas cystic lesion with surprise findings on confocal laser endomicroscopyAyah Matar, MD0Gregory Charville, MD, PhD1Maggie Lam, MD2Samer El-Dika, MD3Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USADepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USADepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USADivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Corresponding author: Samer El-Dika, Stanford University, 300 P Pasteur Dr, Stanford, California 94304, USA.Background and Aims: The incidental diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions has been increasing, ranging from 2% to 45%, as determined by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. This report describes the case of a 74-year-old female patient referred for a finding on magnetic resonance imaging of a unilocular cystic lesion in the pancreas tail. Methods: Based on the cyst’s size and its unclear nature, the patient was subjected to a repeat EUS at our institution, which showed an anechoic 35 × 20-mm finely septated lesion in the pancreatic tail. To help determine the nature of the cyst, EUS-guided needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (EUS-nCLE) was used because of its ability to visualize the cyst wall mucosal layer to a micrometer resolution. Results: EUS-nCLE of the cyst wall showed an intersecting network of vessels, with background arrangement of gray oval structures and at times background arrangement of dark lobular structures. The findings were not consistent with a mucinous pancreas cyst, serous cystadenoma, or cystic neuroendocrine tumor. As for the NGS, the cyst fluid was positive for both KRAS and PIK3CA pathogenic mutations. After the patient’s distal pancreatectomy, histologic examination of the lesion entirely revealed a vascular malformation. The lesion did not have a distinct wall and was surrounded by fat and pancreas tissue. This vascular malformation is a form of lymphangioma. Conclusion: Lymphangiomas of the pancreas are rare, accounting for 0.2% of all pancreatic lesions. Targeted NGS performed at our institution on the surgical specimen showed absence of KRAS and PIK3CA mutations, suggesting an erroneous or false-positive initial analysis of the cyst fluid. The gray oval structures observed during EUS-nCLE correspond to adipocytes marking part of the cyst border. The dark lobular structures (coffee beans) observed during EUS-nCLE correspond to pancreatic acini marking another part of the cyst border. When these EUS-nCLE patterns are observed in a pancreas cystic lesion in the absence of any epithelial pattern, close follow-up with cross-sectional imaging should be considered instead, especially if the lesion is in a pancreas location that entails major surgery.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468448125000359
spellingShingle Ayah Matar, MD
Gregory Charville, MD, PhD
Maggie Lam, MD
Samer El-Dika, MD
Pancreas cystic lesion with surprise findings on confocal laser endomicroscopy
VideoGIE
title Pancreas cystic lesion with surprise findings on confocal laser endomicroscopy
title_full Pancreas cystic lesion with surprise findings on confocal laser endomicroscopy
title_fullStr Pancreas cystic lesion with surprise findings on confocal laser endomicroscopy
title_full_unstemmed Pancreas cystic lesion with surprise findings on confocal laser endomicroscopy
title_short Pancreas cystic lesion with surprise findings on confocal laser endomicroscopy
title_sort pancreas cystic lesion with surprise findings on confocal laser endomicroscopy
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468448125000359
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