The Crop Succession Systems Under No-Tillage Alters the Surface Layer Soil Carbon Stock and Stability
The main challenge of the no-tillage system (NTS) is to reconcile productivity, the maintenance of surface residues, and the stabilization of soil organic matter (SOM). To address this challenge, particularly in tropical regions, various cover crops have been tested. The objective of this study was...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Paloma Pimentel de Souza Deivid Lopes Machado Micael Silva de Freitas Aracy Camilla Tardin Pinheiro Bezerra Tiara Moraes Guimarães Eder Marcos da Silva Natanael Moreira do Nascimento Rafael da Silva Borges Vladimir Eliodoro Costa Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa Simério Carlos Silva Cruz |
| author_facet | Paloma Pimentel de Souza Deivid Lopes Machado Micael Silva de Freitas Aracy Camilla Tardin Pinheiro Bezerra Tiara Moraes Guimarães Eder Marcos da Silva Natanael Moreira do Nascimento Rafael da Silva Borges Vladimir Eliodoro Costa Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa Simério Carlos Silva Cruz |
| author_sort | Paloma Pimentel de Souza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The main challenge of the no-tillage system (NTS) is to reconcile productivity, the maintenance of surface residues, and the stabilization of soil organic matter (SOM). To address this challenge, particularly in tropical regions, various cover crops have been tested. The objective of this study was to test the effects of agricultural crop succession systems on the stock and stability of soil organic carbon in different surface layers of the soils. The research was carried out in the state of Goiás, Brazil, in an experiment set up in 2016, designed in randomized blocks with a split-plot scheme (treatments and soil layers), comprising four repetitions (blocks). The treatments (plots) consisted of crops grown in succession to soybean, which were as follows: T1—soybean/corn (<i>Zea mays</i>); T2—soybean/pearl millet (<i>Pennisetum glaucum</i>); T3—soybean/<i>Urochloa ruziziensis</i> (brachiaria); and T4—corn + <i>Urochloa ruziziensis</i>. The subplots represented the following soil layers: 0–5, 5–10, 10–20, and 20–40 cm. We evaluated the biomass dry mass and the soil parameters such as soil density, total porosity, and light organic matter across all layers. The organic carbon, grain size fractionation (mineral-associated organic carbon—MOC; sand-sized carbon—POC), and isotopic composition (δ13C) were determined in the 0–5 and 5–10 cm layers. The highest biomass dry production was observed in the soybean/pearl millet succession, which reduced the soil density and increased the total porosity in the surface layer. The soybean/pearl millet treatment produced high amounts of light organic matter, particularly in the 0–5 cm layer, a result also found for the soybean/brachiaria and soybean/corn + brachiaria systems. The crop successions did not alter the soil carbon stock or stability; however, the surface layer stored the highest amount of carbon, with elevated total organic carbon values and carbon stocks and stability (MOC and POC). Overall, in this study, replacing corn with other crops in succession with soybean did not affect the stock or stability of soil organic carbon. The species grown in succession with soybean contributed to the higher surface carbon stock and stability, promoting the formation of more stable and recalcitrant carbon. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6e2abd8dbf6e4115a993bb941b716577 |
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| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-6e2abd8dbf6e4115a993bb941b7165772025-08-20T02:26:51ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722024-11-011411208510.3390/agriculture14112085The Crop Succession Systems Under No-Tillage Alters the Surface Layer Soil Carbon Stock and StabilityPaloma Pimentel de Souza0Deivid Lopes Machado1Micael Silva de Freitas2Aracy Camilla Tardin Pinheiro Bezerra3Tiara Moraes Guimarães4Eder Marcos da Silva5Natanael Moreira do Nascimento6Rafael da Silva Borges7Vladimir Eliodoro Costa8Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa9Simério Carlos Silva Cruz10Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, GO, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, GO, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, GO, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, GO, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, GO, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, GO, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, GO, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, GO, BrazilInstitute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, GO, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, GO, BrazilThe main challenge of the no-tillage system (NTS) is to reconcile productivity, the maintenance of surface residues, and the stabilization of soil organic matter (SOM). To address this challenge, particularly in tropical regions, various cover crops have been tested. The objective of this study was to test the effects of agricultural crop succession systems on the stock and stability of soil organic carbon in different surface layers of the soils. The research was carried out in the state of Goiás, Brazil, in an experiment set up in 2016, designed in randomized blocks with a split-plot scheme (treatments and soil layers), comprising four repetitions (blocks). The treatments (plots) consisted of crops grown in succession to soybean, which were as follows: T1—soybean/corn (<i>Zea mays</i>); T2—soybean/pearl millet (<i>Pennisetum glaucum</i>); T3—soybean/<i>Urochloa ruziziensis</i> (brachiaria); and T4—corn + <i>Urochloa ruziziensis</i>. The subplots represented the following soil layers: 0–5, 5–10, 10–20, and 20–40 cm. We evaluated the biomass dry mass and the soil parameters such as soil density, total porosity, and light organic matter across all layers. The organic carbon, grain size fractionation (mineral-associated organic carbon—MOC; sand-sized carbon—POC), and isotopic composition (δ13C) were determined in the 0–5 and 5–10 cm layers. The highest biomass dry production was observed in the soybean/pearl millet succession, which reduced the soil density and increased the total porosity in the surface layer. The soybean/pearl millet treatment produced high amounts of light organic matter, particularly in the 0–5 cm layer, a result also found for the soybean/brachiaria and soybean/corn + brachiaria systems. The crop successions did not alter the soil carbon stock or stability; however, the surface layer stored the highest amount of carbon, with elevated total organic carbon values and carbon stocks and stability (MOC and POC). Overall, in this study, replacing corn with other crops in succession with soybean did not affect the stock or stability of soil organic carbon. The species grown in succession with soybean contributed to the higher surface carbon stock and stability, promoting the formation of more stable and recalcitrant carbon.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/11/2085crop diversificationpearl milletsoil organic mattersoil densityphysical fractionationsoil carbon pool |
| spellingShingle | Paloma Pimentel de Souza Deivid Lopes Machado Micael Silva de Freitas Aracy Camilla Tardin Pinheiro Bezerra Tiara Moraes Guimarães Eder Marcos da Silva Natanael Moreira do Nascimento Rafael da Silva Borges Vladimir Eliodoro Costa Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa Simério Carlos Silva Cruz The Crop Succession Systems Under No-Tillage Alters the Surface Layer Soil Carbon Stock and Stability Agriculture crop diversification pearl millet soil organic matter soil density physical fractionation soil carbon pool |
| title | The Crop Succession Systems Under No-Tillage Alters the Surface Layer Soil Carbon Stock and Stability |
| title_full | The Crop Succession Systems Under No-Tillage Alters the Surface Layer Soil Carbon Stock and Stability |
| title_fullStr | The Crop Succession Systems Under No-Tillage Alters the Surface Layer Soil Carbon Stock and Stability |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Crop Succession Systems Under No-Tillage Alters the Surface Layer Soil Carbon Stock and Stability |
| title_short | The Crop Succession Systems Under No-Tillage Alters the Surface Layer Soil Carbon Stock and Stability |
| title_sort | crop succession systems under no tillage alters the surface layer soil carbon stock and stability |
| topic | crop diversification pearl millet soil organic matter soil density physical fractionation soil carbon pool |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/11/2085 |
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