Integrating IoT With Adaptive Beamforming for Enhanced Urban Sensing in Smart Cities
The exponential growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in smart city environments presents significant challenges, including spectrum congestion, interference, energy inefficiency, and scalability. To address these issues, we propose SmartBeam+, a novel adaptive beamforming algorithm designed to...
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11006999/ |
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| author | Sunday Enahoro Sunday C. Ekpo Mfonobong Uko Fanuel Elias Stephen Alabi |
| author_facet | Sunday Enahoro Sunday C. Ekpo Mfonobong Uko Fanuel Elias Stephen Alabi |
| author_sort | Sunday Enahoro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The exponential growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in smart city environments presents significant challenges, including spectrum congestion, interference, energy inefficiency, and scalability. To address these issues, we propose SmartBeam+, a novel adaptive beamforming algorithm designed to optimize the communication performance in dense IoT networks. SmartBeam+ dynamically adjusts the beamforming weights using real-time Channel State Information (CSI) to maximize the Signal-to-Interference-and-Noise Ratio (SINR), minimize the bit error rate (BER), and suppress interference effectively. Extensive simulations compare SmartBeam+ with conventional algorithms such as Zero-Forcing (ZF), MVDR, and Least Mean Squares (LMS) across key performance metrics: SINR, BER, energy efficiency, reliability, throughput, and latency. Results show that SmartBeam+ consistently performs better, with SINR values ranging from 20 to 13 dB, BER as low as 0.0001, and 30 dB interference suppression. SmartBeam+ maintains 20 bps/W energy efficiency and achieves a reliability of 92%, significantly outperforming other methods, especially under high node density and interference levels. Furthermore, the network lifetime is prolonged by up to 90 hours, and the latency is reduced to 5 ms, making SmartBeam+ ideal for time-sensitive applications such as disaster management and urban sensing. These results highlight SmartBeam+ as a scalable, energy-efficient, and robust solution for next-generation IoT networks in smart cities. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6e2376f1a3b34fef8aadefe17bb05144 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-6e2376f1a3b34fef8aadefe17bb051442025-08-20T03:26:48ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113961209613410.1109/ACCESS.2025.357146811006999Integrating IoT With Adaptive Beamforming for Enhanced Urban Sensing in Smart CitiesSunday Enahoro0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8782-0930Sunday C. Ekpo1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9219-3759Mfonobong Uko2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5512-7178Fanuel Elias3https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7684-0339Stephen Alabi4Communication and Space Systems Engineering Research Team, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, U.K.Communication and Space Systems Engineering Research Team, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, U.K.Communication and Space Systems Engineering Research Team, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, U.K.Communication and Space Systems Engineering Research Team, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, U.K.Research and Development Engineering Department, SmOp CleanTech, Manchester, U.K.The exponential growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in smart city environments presents significant challenges, including spectrum congestion, interference, energy inefficiency, and scalability. To address these issues, we propose SmartBeam+, a novel adaptive beamforming algorithm designed to optimize the communication performance in dense IoT networks. SmartBeam+ dynamically adjusts the beamforming weights using real-time Channel State Information (CSI) to maximize the Signal-to-Interference-and-Noise Ratio (SINR), minimize the bit error rate (BER), and suppress interference effectively. Extensive simulations compare SmartBeam+ with conventional algorithms such as Zero-Forcing (ZF), MVDR, and Least Mean Squares (LMS) across key performance metrics: SINR, BER, energy efficiency, reliability, throughput, and latency. Results show that SmartBeam+ consistently performs better, with SINR values ranging from 20 to 13 dB, BER as low as 0.0001, and 30 dB interference suppression. SmartBeam+ maintains 20 bps/W energy efficiency and achieves a reliability of 92%, significantly outperforming other methods, especially under high node density and interference levels. Furthermore, the network lifetime is prolonged by up to 90 hours, and the latency is reduced to 5 ms, making SmartBeam+ ideal for time-sensitive applications such as disaster management and urban sensing. These results highlight SmartBeam+ as a scalable, energy-efficient, and robust solution for next-generation IoT networks in smart cities.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11006999/Adaptive beamformingSmartBeam+IoT networkssignal-to-interference-and-noise ratiointerference suppressionsmart cities |
| spellingShingle | Sunday Enahoro Sunday C. Ekpo Mfonobong Uko Fanuel Elias Stephen Alabi Integrating IoT With Adaptive Beamforming for Enhanced Urban Sensing in Smart Cities IEEE Access Adaptive beamforming SmartBeam+ IoT networks signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio interference suppression smart cities |
| title | Integrating IoT With Adaptive Beamforming for Enhanced Urban Sensing in Smart Cities |
| title_full | Integrating IoT With Adaptive Beamforming for Enhanced Urban Sensing in Smart Cities |
| title_fullStr | Integrating IoT With Adaptive Beamforming for Enhanced Urban Sensing in Smart Cities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrating IoT With Adaptive Beamforming for Enhanced Urban Sensing in Smart Cities |
| title_short | Integrating IoT With Adaptive Beamforming for Enhanced Urban Sensing in Smart Cities |
| title_sort | integrating iot with adaptive beamforming for enhanced urban sensing in smart cities |
| topic | Adaptive beamforming SmartBeam+ IoT networks signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio interference suppression smart cities |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11006999/ |
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