Structural function of multidrug-resistant Salmonella carrying mcr-1 gene in colistin resistance

Abstract Colistin, also known as polymyxin E, is extensively used in veterinary and human medicine as a last line of defense against Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the development of resistance to this antibiotic to combat infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacte...

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Main Authors: Md. Mukter Hossain, Riazul Islam Riad, Md. Mashfiq Hossain Khadem, Ruhena Begum, Md. Shoriful Alam Sumon, Ho-Seong Cho, Md. Mahfujur Rahman, Md Bashir Uddin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-06-01
Series:Discover Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06671-5
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author Md. Mukter Hossain
Riazul Islam Riad
Md. Mashfiq Hossain Khadem
Ruhena Begum
Md. Shoriful Alam Sumon
Ho-Seong Cho
Md. Mahfujur Rahman
Md Bashir Uddin
author_facet Md. Mukter Hossain
Riazul Islam Riad
Md. Mashfiq Hossain Khadem
Ruhena Begum
Md. Shoriful Alam Sumon
Ho-Seong Cho
Md. Mahfujur Rahman
Md Bashir Uddin
author_sort Md. Mukter Hossain
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Colistin, also known as polymyxin E, is extensively used in veterinary and human medicine as a last line of defense against Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the development of resistance to this antibiotic to combat infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study focuses on investigating the presence of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in Salmonella isolates. A total of 24 Salmonella spp. were identified and analyzed from 200 cattle fecal samples. Phenotypic disc diffusion and a MIC assay using various antimicrobial agents were performed and assessed using the VITEK2 compact system. The isolates were further examined through PCR targeting the invA and mcr-1 genes. Among the 24 isolates, two exhibited phenotypic resistance to colistin, while one isolate harbored the mcr-1 gene. Notably, 14 (58.33%) of the 24 Salmonella isolates showed multidrug resistance. Furthermore, in-silico functional studies were conducted to explore the genetic relationships and phenotypic correlations among these colistin-resistant isolates. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed a significant evolutionary association between the catalytic region of Neisseria meningitidis EptA and MCR proteins. Structural modeling indicated that MCR-1 has five essential transmembrane regions for its function in colistin resistance. Molecular docking interaction studies demonstrated distinct binding mechanisms between MCR-1 and EptA proteins. This study highlights the occurrence of mcr-1 carrying Salmonella in cattle from Bangladesh, underscoring the urgent need for robust AMR surveillance and stringent antibiotic use policies in agriculture to mitigate the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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spelling doaj-art-6e177e6e40514efc86bc207a3b8383712025-08-20T03:45:32ZengSpringerDiscover Applied Sciences3004-92612025-06-017611410.1007/s42452-025-06671-5Structural function of multidrug-resistant Salmonella carrying mcr-1 gene in colistin resistanceMd. Mukter Hossain0Riazul Islam Riad1Md. Mashfiq Hossain Khadem2Ruhena Begum3Md. Shoriful Alam Sumon4Ho-Seong Cho5Md. Mahfujur Rahman6Md Bashir Uddin7Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sylhet Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National UniversityDepartment of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural UniversityAbstract Colistin, also known as polymyxin E, is extensively used in veterinary and human medicine as a last line of defense against Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the development of resistance to this antibiotic to combat infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study focuses on investigating the presence of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in Salmonella isolates. A total of 24 Salmonella spp. were identified and analyzed from 200 cattle fecal samples. Phenotypic disc diffusion and a MIC assay using various antimicrobial agents were performed and assessed using the VITEK2 compact system. The isolates were further examined through PCR targeting the invA and mcr-1 genes. Among the 24 isolates, two exhibited phenotypic resistance to colistin, while one isolate harbored the mcr-1 gene. Notably, 14 (58.33%) of the 24 Salmonella isolates showed multidrug resistance. Furthermore, in-silico functional studies were conducted to explore the genetic relationships and phenotypic correlations among these colistin-resistant isolates. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed a significant evolutionary association between the catalytic region of Neisseria meningitidis EptA and MCR proteins. Structural modeling indicated that MCR-1 has five essential transmembrane regions for its function in colistin resistance. Molecular docking interaction studies demonstrated distinct binding mechanisms between MCR-1 and EptA proteins. This study highlights the occurrence of mcr-1 carrying Salmonella in cattle from Bangladesh, underscoring the urgent need for robust AMR surveillance and stringent antibiotic use policies in agriculture to mitigate the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06671-5mcr-1SalmonellaCattleMDRBangladesh
spellingShingle Md. Mukter Hossain
Riazul Islam Riad
Md. Mashfiq Hossain Khadem
Ruhena Begum
Md. Shoriful Alam Sumon
Ho-Seong Cho
Md. Mahfujur Rahman
Md Bashir Uddin
Structural function of multidrug-resistant Salmonella carrying mcr-1 gene in colistin resistance
Discover Applied Sciences
mcr-1
Salmonella
Cattle
MDR
Bangladesh
title Structural function of multidrug-resistant Salmonella carrying mcr-1 gene in colistin resistance
title_full Structural function of multidrug-resistant Salmonella carrying mcr-1 gene in colistin resistance
title_fullStr Structural function of multidrug-resistant Salmonella carrying mcr-1 gene in colistin resistance
title_full_unstemmed Structural function of multidrug-resistant Salmonella carrying mcr-1 gene in colistin resistance
title_short Structural function of multidrug-resistant Salmonella carrying mcr-1 gene in colistin resistance
title_sort structural function of multidrug resistant salmonella carrying mcr 1 gene in colistin resistance
topic mcr-1
Salmonella
Cattle
MDR
Bangladesh
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06671-5
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