Characteristics of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) in the Western Coast of the Taiwan Strait Using a Shipboard Measurement

An online dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) monitoring system was produced to achieve high spatial and temporal resolution in DIC data from the western Taiwan Strait (WTS) during the summer. Surface seawater DIC, salinity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Chl-a, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup&g...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jiehua Hu, Jinpei Yan, Hang Yang, Siming Huang, Siying Dai, Xiaoke Zhang, Shanshan Wang, Shuhui Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/12/2330
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850242099460440064
author Jiehua Hu
Jinpei Yan
Hang Yang
Siming Huang
Siying Dai
Xiaoke Zhang
Shanshan Wang
Shuhui Zhao
author_facet Jiehua Hu
Jinpei Yan
Hang Yang
Siming Huang
Siying Dai
Xiaoke Zhang
Shanshan Wang
Shuhui Zhao
author_sort Jiehua Hu
collection DOAJ
description An online dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) monitoring system was produced to achieve high spatial and temporal resolution in DIC data from the western Taiwan Strait (WTS) during the summer. Surface seawater DIC, salinity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Chl-a, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> samples were collected, as well as the vertical profiles of DIC, to understand DIC variations in the WTS. The results showed that the range of DIC levels in the surface seawater from the WTS was from 1.68 to 2.21 mmol/L (Mmol), with an average of 1.93 ± 0.19 Mmol, which was consistent with the sampling results using titration determination, with an average of 1.98 ± 0.12 Mmol. A high correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96) was presented between the online monitoring and sampling detection of DIC, indicating that DIC could be measured with high accuracy using the online monitoring system. The spatial distribution of DIC was similar to that of salinity, but it was different from that of DOC and Chl-a. The DIC concentration positively correlated with salinity (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.51) and presented a negative correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.92) with seawater temperature. However, the surface seawater DIC was almost independent from DOC and Chl-a in the observation sea areas. The DIC levels first increased and then decreased with the depth, with the highest DIC concentration occurring in the subsurface water at about 10 m, which was similar to the profiles of salinity and Chl-a in the northern and southern areas of the WTS. The profiles of DIC, salinity, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, and Chl-a were almost independent from the water depth in the central WST. This indicated that seawater DIC in the WTS was mainly affected by seawater temperature, salinity, and the vertical mixing of sea water, but it was less impacted by TOC and Chl-a.
format Article
id doaj-art-6e0df002e1fc44e0a48901448e2e589a
institution OA Journals
issn 2077-1312
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
spelling doaj-art-6e0df002e1fc44e0a48901448e2e589a2025-08-20T02:00:23ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122024-12-011212233010.3390/jmse12122330Characteristics of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) in the Western Coast of the Taiwan Strait Using a Shipboard MeasurementJiehua Hu0Jinpei Yan1Hang Yang2Siming Huang3Siying Dai4Xiaoke Zhang5Shanshan Wang6Shuhui Zhao7School of Marine Biology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Applied Technology Engineering Center of Fujian Provincial Higher Education for Marine Resource Protection and Ecological Governance, Xiamen 361100, ChinaSchool of Marine Biology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Applied Technology Engineering Center of Fujian Provincial Higher Education for Marine Resource Protection and Ecological Governance, Xiamen 361100, ChinaKey Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, ChinaCollege of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaKey Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, ChinaKey Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, ChinaKey Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, ChinaSchool of Tourism, Taishan University, Tai’an 271000, ChinaAn online dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) monitoring system was produced to achieve high spatial and temporal resolution in DIC data from the western Taiwan Strait (WTS) during the summer. Surface seawater DIC, salinity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Chl-a, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> samples were collected, as well as the vertical profiles of DIC, to understand DIC variations in the WTS. The results showed that the range of DIC levels in the surface seawater from the WTS was from 1.68 to 2.21 mmol/L (Mmol), with an average of 1.93 ± 0.19 Mmol, which was consistent with the sampling results using titration determination, with an average of 1.98 ± 0.12 Mmol. A high correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96) was presented between the online monitoring and sampling detection of DIC, indicating that DIC could be measured with high accuracy using the online monitoring system. The spatial distribution of DIC was similar to that of salinity, but it was different from that of DOC and Chl-a. The DIC concentration positively correlated with salinity (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.51) and presented a negative correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.92) with seawater temperature. However, the surface seawater DIC was almost independent from DOC and Chl-a in the observation sea areas. The DIC levels first increased and then decreased with the depth, with the highest DIC concentration occurring in the subsurface water at about 10 m, which was similar to the profiles of salinity and Chl-a in the northern and southern areas of the WTS. The profiles of DIC, salinity, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, and Chl-a were almost independent from the water depth in the central WST. This indicated that seawater DIC in the WTS was mainly affected by seawater temperature, salinity, and the vertical mixing of sea water, but it was less impacted by TOC and Chl-a.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/12/2330dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC)ocean acidificationunderway measurementTaiwan Strait
spellingShingle Jiehua Hu
Jinpei Yan
Hang Yang
Siming Huang
Siying Dai
Xiaoke Zhang
Shanshan Wang
Shuhui Zhao
Characteristics of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) in the Western Coast of the Taiwan Strait Using a Shipboard Measurement
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC)
ocean acidification
underway measurement
Taiwan Strait
title Characteristics of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) in the Western Coast of the Taiwan Strait Using a Shipboard Measurement
title_full Characteristics of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) in the Western Coast of the Taiwan Strait Using a Shipboard Measurement
title_fullStr Characteristics of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) in the Western Coast of the Taiwan Strait Using a Shipboard Measurement
title_full_unstemmed Characteristics of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) in the Western Coast of the Taiwan Strait Using a Shipboard Measurement
title_short Characteristics of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) in the Western Coast of the Taiwan Strait Using a Shipboard Measurement
title_sort characteristics of dissolved inorganic carbon dic in the western coast of the taiwan strait using a shipboard measurement
topic dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC)
ocean acidification
underway measurement
Taiwan Strait
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/12/2330
work_keys_str_mv AT jiehuahu characteristicsofdissolvedinorganiccarbondicinthewesterncoastofthetaiwanstraitusingashipboardmeasurement
AT jinpeiyan characteristicsofdissolvedinorganiccarbondicinthewesterncoastofthetaiwanstraitusingashipboardmeasurement
AT hangyang characteristicsofdissolvedinorganiccarbondicinthewesterncoastofthetaiwanstraitusingashipboardmeasurement
AT siminghuang characteristicsofdissolvedinorganiccarbondicinthewesterncoastofthetaiwanstraitusingashipboardmeasurement
AT siyingdai characteristicsofdissolvedinorganiccarbondicinthewesterncoastofthetaiwanstraitusingashipboardmeasurement
AT xiaokezhang characteristicsofdissolvedinorganiccarbondicinthewesterncoastofthetaiwanstraitusingashipboardmeasurement
AT shanshanwang characteristicsofdissolvedinorganiccarbondicinthewesterncoastofthetaiwanstraitusingashipboardmeasurement
AT shuhuizhao characteristicsofdissolvedinorganiccarbondicinthewesterncoastofthetaiwanstraitusingashipboardmeasurement