Assessment of Urban Rooftop Photovoltaic Potential Based on Deep Learning: A Case Study of the Central Urban Area of Wuhan

Accurate assessment of urban rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) potential is critical for the low-carbon energy transition. This study presents a deep learning-based approach using high-resolution (0.5 m) aerial imagery to automatically identify building rooftops in the central urban area of Wuhan, Chi...

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Main Authors: Yu Zhang, Wei He, Jinyan Hu, Chaohui Zhou, Bo Ren, Huiheng Luo, Zhiyong Tian, Weili Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Buildings
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/15/2607
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Summary:Accurate assessment of urban rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) potential is critical for the low-carbon energy transition. This study presents a deep learning-based approach using high-resolution (0.5 m) aerial imagery to automatically identify building rooftops in the central urban area of Wuhan, China (covering seven districts), and to estimate their PV installation potential. Two state-of-the-art semantic segmentation models (DeepLabv3+ and U-Net) were trained and evaluated on a local rooftop dataset; U-Net with a ResNet50 backbone achieved the best performance with an overall segmentation accuracy of ~94%. Using this optimized model, we extracted approximately 130 km<sup>2</sup> of suitable rooftop area, which could support an estimated 18.18 GW of PV capacity. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of deep learning for city-scale rooftop mapping and provide a data-driven basis for strategic planning of distributed PV installations to support carbon neutrality goals. The proposed framework can be generalized to facilitate large-scale solar energy assessments in other cities.
ISSN:2075-5309