A Novel Framework to Represent Hypoxia in Coastal Systems
Policymakers face the challenge of increasing food and energy production while reducing nutrient pollution. Coastal hypoxic zones, often caused by human activity, are a key indicator of sustainability. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel framework that can be used by policymakers to asse...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Land |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/6/1169 |
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| author | Aavudai Anandhi Ruth Book Gulnihal Ozbay |
| author_facet | Aavudai Anandhi Ruth Book Gulnihal Ozbay |
| author_sort | Aavudai Anandhi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Policymakers face the challenge of increasing food and energy production while reducing nutrient pollution. Coastal hypoxic zones, often caused by human activity, are a key indicator of sustainability. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel framework that can be used by policymakers to assess strategies to reduce or eliminate hypoxic zones in coastal waters. The developed framework includes socioecological conditions by integrating the Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) framework and multiple thinking approaches (nexus, systems, and goal-oriented) with sustainable development goals (SDGs) and their targets, the food–energy–water (FEW) nexus, agricultural conservation practices (ACPs), and the collective knowledge from the published literature and experts, all applied to hypoxia in oceans. Four categories of ACPs with potential positive effects on hypoxia were identified: conservation cropping systems, conservation drainage systems, riparian buffer systems, and wetland systems. The Gulf of Mexico, a large hypoxic zone, served as a case study. The methods from the development of this framework may be tailored to some 500 global coastal hypoxic zones, covering 245,000 km<sup>2</sup> of oceans. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6dea5f682fdf489296bb3a23078dfc10 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Land |
| spelling | doaj-art-6dea5f682fdf489296bb3a23078dfc102025-08-20T03:27:40ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2025-05-01146116910.3390/land14061169A Novel Framework to Represent Hypoxia in Coastal SystemsAavudai Anandhi0Ruth Book1Gulnihal Ozbay2Biological Systems Engineering, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USAAgricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USADepartment of Agriculture and Natural Resources, College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USAPolicymakers face the challenge of increasing food and energy production while reducing nutrient pollution. Coastal hypoxic zones, often caused by human activity, are a key indicator of sustainability. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel framework that can be used by policymakers to assess strategies to reduce or eliminate hypoxic zones in coastal waters. The developed framework includes socioecological conditions by integrating the Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) framework and multiple thinking approaches (nexus, systems, and goal-oriented) with sustainable development goals (SDGs) and their targets, the food–energy–water (FEW) nexus, agricultural conservation practices (ACPs), and the collective knowledge from the published literature and experts, all applied to hypoxia in oceans. Four categories of ACPs with potential positive effects on hypoxia were identified: conservation cropping systems, conservation drainage systems, riparian buffer systems, and wetland systems. The Gulf of Mexico, a large hypoxic zone, served as a case study. The methods from the development of this framework may be tailored to some 500 global coastal hypoxic zones, covering 245,000 km<sup>2</sup> of oceans.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/6/1169nexusgoal-oriented thinkingfood–water–best management practiceBMPagricultural conservation practice |
| spellingShingle | Aavudai Anandhi Ruth Book Gulnihal Ozbay A Novel Framework to Represent Hypoxia in Coastal Systems Land nexus goal-oriented thinking food–water– best management practice BMP agricultural conservation practice |
| title | A Novel Framework to Represent Hypoxia in Coastal Systems |
| title_full | A Novel Framework to Represent Hypoxia in Coastal Systems |
| title_fullStr | A Novel Framework to Represent Hypoxia in Coastal Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Framework to Represent Hypoxia in Coastal Systems |
| title_short | A Novel Framework to Represent Hypoxia in Coastal Systems |
| title_sort | novel framework to represent hypoxia in coastal systems |
| topic | nexus goal-oriented thinking food–water– best management practice BMP agricultural conservation practice |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/6/1169 |
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