Use of a Novel Passive E-Nose to Monitor Fermentable Prebiotic Fiber Consumption

We developed a home-based electronic nose (E-Nose) to passively monitor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted following bowel movements and assessed its validity by correlating the output with prebiotic fiber intake. Healthy, non-overweight participants followed a three-week protocol which inclu...

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Main Authors: Lawrence Kosinski, Phillip A. Engen, Barbara Swanson, Michelle Villanueva, Maliha Shaikh, Stefan J. Green, Ankur Naqib, Bruce Hamaker, Thaisa M. Cantu-Jungles, Ali Keshavarzian
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/3/797
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author Lawrence Kosinski
Phillip A. Engen
Barbara Swanson
Michelle Villanueva
Maliha Shaikh
Stefan J. Green
Ankur Naqib
Bruce Hamaker
Thaisa M. Cantu-Jungles
Ali Keshavarzian
author_facet Lawrence Kosinski
Phillip A. Engen
Barbara Swanson
Michelle Villanueva
Maliha Shaikh
Stefan J. Green
Ankur Naqib
Bruce Hamaker
Thaisa M. Cantu-Jungles
Ali Keshavarzian
author_sort Lawrence Kosinski
collection DOAJ
description We developed a home-based electronic nose (E-Nose) to passively monitor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted following bowel movements and assessed its validity by correlating the output with prebiotic fiber intake. Healthy, non-overweight participants followed a three-week protocol which included the following: (1) installing the E-Nose in their bathroom; (2) activating the device following each bowel movement; (3) recording their dietary intake; (4) consuming a fiber bar (RiteCarbs) containing a blend of 10 g of prebiotic fiber daily during weeks two and three; and (5) submit stool specimens at the beginning and end of the study for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis. Participants’ fecal microbiome displayed significantly increased relative abundance of putative total SCFA-producing genera (<i>p</i> = 0.0323) [total acetate-producing genera (<i>p</i> = 0.0214), total butyrate-producing genera (<i>p</i> = 0.0131)] and decreased Gram-negative proinflammatory genera (<i>p</i> = 0.0468). Prebiotic intervention significantly increased the participants’ fiber intake (<i>p</i> = 0.0152), E-Nose Min/Max (<i>p</i> = 0.0339), and area over the curve in VOC–to–fiber output (<i>p</i> = 0.0044). Increased fiber intake was negatively associated (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.53, <i>p</i> = 0.026) with decreased relative abundance of putative Gram-negative proinflammatory genera. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that a prototype E-Nose can noninvasively detect a direct connection between fiber intake and VOC outputs in a home-based environment.
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spelling doaj-art-6de2cdccde7542b19d1c43554bcfcd392025-08-20T02:48:10ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-01-0125379710.3390/s25030797Use of a Novel Passive E-Nose to Monitor Fermentable Prebiotic Fiber ConsumptionLawrence Kosinski0Phillip A. Engen1Barbara Swanson2Michelle Villanueva3Maliha Shaikh4Stefan J. Green5Ankur Naqib6Bruce Hamaker7Thaisa M. Cantu-Jungles8Ali Keshavarzian9VOCnomics, LLC, Scottsdale, AZ 85255, USARush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USARush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USARush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USARush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USARush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USAWhistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAWhistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USARush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USAWe developed a home-based electronic nose (E-Nose) to passively monitor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted following bowel movements and assessed its validity by correlating the output with prebiotic fiber intake. Healthy, non-overweight participants followed a three-week protocol which included the following: (1) installing the E-Nose in their bathroom; (2) activating the device following each bowel movement; (3) recording their dietary intake; (4) consuming a fiber bar (RiteCarbs) containing a blend of 10 g of prebiotic fiber daily during weeks two and three; and (5) submit stool specimens at the beginning and end of the study for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis. Participants’ fecal microbiome displayed significantly increased relative abundance of putative total SCFA-producing genera (<i>p</i> = 0.0323) [total acetate-producing genera (<i>p</i> = 0.0214), total butyrate-producing genera (<i>p</i> = 0.0131)] and decreased Gram-negative proinflammatory genera (<i>p</i> = 0.0468). Prebiotic intervention significantly increased the participants’ fiber intake (<i>p</i> = 0.0152), E-Nose Min/Max (<i>p</i> = 0.0339), and area over the curve in VOC–to–fiber output (<i>p</i> = 0.0044). Increased fiber intake was negatively associated (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.53, <i>p</i> = 0.026) with decreased relative abundance of putative Gram-negative proinflammatory genera. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that a prototype E-Nose can noninvasively detect a direct connection between fiber intake and VOC outputs in a home-based environment.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/3/797electronic nosemicrobiota modulationprebioticsvolatile organic compounds
spellingShingle Lawrence Kosinski
Phillip A. Engen
Barbara Swanson
Michelle Villanueva
Maliha Shaikh
Stefan J. Green
Ankur Naqib
Bruce Hamaker
Thaisa M. Cantu-Jungles
Ali Keshavarzian
Use of a Novel Passive E-Nose to Monitor Fermentable Prebiotic Fiber Consumption
Sensors
electronic nose
microbiota modulation
prebiotics
volatile organic compounds
title Use of a Novel Passive E-Nose to Monitor Fermentable Prebiotic Fiber Consumption
title_full Use of a Novel Passive E-Nose to Monitor Fermentable Prebiotic Fiber Consumption
title_fullStr Use of a Novel Passive E-Nose to Monitor Fermentable Prebiotic Fiber Consumption
title_full_unstemmed Use of a Novel Passive E-Nose to Monitor Fermentable Prebiotic Fiber Consumption
title_short Use of a Novel Passive E-Nose to Monitor Fermentable Prebiotic Fiber Consumption
title_sort use of a novel passive e nose to monitor fermentable prebiotic fiber consumption
topic electronic nose
microbiota modulation
prebiotics
volatile organic compounds
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/3/797
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