Metabolic Master Switch: Pyruvate Carboxylase Fuels Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence in Foodborne <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, a major cause of foodborne illness globally, presents significant challenges due to its multidrug resistance and biofilm-forming capabilities. Pyruvate carboxylase (PycA), a metabolic master switch linking glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, i...

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Main Authors: Zifeng Mai, Jiahui Li, Zeqiang Zhan, Xiaorong Tian, Wanwan Hou, Mu He, Chunlei Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2566
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author Zifeng Mai
Jiahui Li
Zeqiang Zhan
Xiaorong Tian
Wanwan Hou
Mu He
Chunlei Shi
author_facet Zifeng Mai
Jiahui Li
Zeqiang Zhan
Xiaorong Tian
Wanwan Hou
Mu He
Chunlei Shi
author_sort Zifeng Mai
collection DOAJ
description <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, a major cause of foodborne illness globally, presents significant challenges due to its multidrug resistance and biofilm-forming capabilities. Pyruvate carboxylase (PycA), a metabolic master switch linking glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is a potential target for controlling <i>S. aureus</i>. In this study, a <i>pycA</i> mutant was constructed and analyzed using phenotypic assays and proteomics to investigate its role in virulence and antimicrobial resistance. The results showed that deletion of <i>pycA</i> in the foodborne methicillin-resistant strain ATCC BAA1717 resulted in a 4- to 1024-fold reduction in resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and macrolides; a 23.24% impairment in biofilm formation; and a 22.32% decrease in staphyloxanthin production, a key antioxidant essential for survival in oxidative food environments. Proteomic analysis revealed downregulation of the TCA cycle, purine biosynthesis, surface adhesins (FnbA/B, SasG), and β-lactamase (BlaZ), linking PycA-mediated metabolism to phenotypes relevant to food safety. These findings underscore the importance of PycA as a metabolic regulator crucial for <i>S. aureus</i> resilience in food systems, suggesting novel strategies to combat foodborne staphylococcal infections through metabolic interference.
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institution Kabale University
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spelling doaj-art-6ddab3d5451f448f912b5374dc4deffd2025-08-20T03:36:06ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-07-011415256610.3390/foods14152566Metabolic Master Switch: Pyruvate Carboxylase Fuels Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence in Foodborne <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Zifeng Mai0Jiahui Li1Zeqiang Zhan2Xiaorong Tian3Wanwan Hou4Mu He5Chunlei Shi6State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, a major cause of foodborne illness globally, presents significant challenges due to its multidrug resistance and biofilm-forming capabilities. Pyruvate carboxylase (PycA), a metabolic master switch linking glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is a potential target for controlling <i>S. aureus</i>. In this study, a <i>pycA</i> mutant was constructed and analyzed using phenotypic assays and proteomics to investigate its role in virulence and antimicrobial resistance. The results showed that deletion of <i>pycA</i> in the foodborne methicillin-resistant strain ATCC BAA1717 resulted in a 4- to 1024-fold reduction in resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and macrolides; a 23.24% impairment in biofilm formation; and a 22.32% decrease in staphyloxanthin production, a key antioxidant essential for survival in oxidative food environments. Proteomic analysis revealed downregulation of the TCA cycle, purine biosynthesis, surface adhesins (FnbA/B, SasG), and β-lactamase (BlaZ), linking PycA-mediated metabolism to phenotypes relevant to food safety. These findings underscore the importance of PycA as a metabolic regulator crucial for <i>S. aureus</i> resilience in food systems, suggesting novel strategies to combat foodborne staphylococcal infections through metabolic interference.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2566<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>pyruvate carboxylaseantimicrobial resistancebiofilmTCA cyclepurine metabolism
spellingShingle Zifeng Mai
Jiahui Li
Zeqiang Zhan
Xiaorong Tian
Wanwan Hou
Mu He
Chunlei Shi
Metabolic Master Switch: Pyruvate Carboxylase Fuels Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence in Foodborne <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Foods
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
pyruvate carboxylase
antimicrobial resistance
biofilm
TCA cycle
purine metabolism
title Metabolic Master Switch: Pyruvate Carboxylase Fuels Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence in Foodborne <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_full Metabolic Master Switch: Pyruvate Carboxylase Fuels Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence in Foodborne <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_fullStr Metabolic Master Switch: Pyruvate Carboxylase Fuels Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence in Foodborne <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_full_unstemmed Metabolic Master Switch: Pyruvate Carboxylase Fuels Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence in Foodborne <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_short Metabolic Master Switch: Pyruvate Carboxylase Fuels Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence in Foodborne <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_sort metabolic master switch pyruvate carboxylase fuels antimicrobial resistance and virulence in foodborne i staphylococcus aureus i
topic <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
pyruvate carboxylase
antimicrobial resistance
biofilm
TCA cycle
purine metabolism
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2566
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