Heavy metals concentrations in commercial organic fertilizers and the potential risk of fertilization into soils
Abstract Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to detect heavy metals in 74 typical and representative commercial organic fertilizers (COFs) collected in major COF production areas in China. The potential risk of fertilization into soils was evaluated. The concentrations of...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79681-9 |
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| author | Kunjie Su Qingliang Zhang Anjing Chen Xiaoqin Wang Lingling Zhan Qiang Rao Jinxia Wang Hongjun Yang |
| author_facet | Kunjie Su Qingliang Zhang Anjing Chen Xiaoqin Wang Lingling Zhan Qiang Rao Jinxia Wang Hongjun Yang |
| author_sort | Kunjie Su |
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| description | Abstract Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to detect heavy metals in 74 typical and representative commercial organic fertilizers (COFs) collected in major COF production areas in China. The potential risk of fertilization into soils was evaluated. The concentrations of heavy metals (mg kg− 1) in these COFs were 1.55–36.95 (As), 0.04–2.32 (Hg), 1.43–78.05 (Pb), 0.15–7.49 (Cd), 11.03–212.90 (Cr), 7.74-555.11 (Cu), 21.46-2705.68 (Zn), and 5.62-244.47 (Ni), respectively. Based on China’s Organic Fertilizer Standard (2021), COFs with excessive heavy metals accounted for 45.95% (As), 1.35% (Hg), 2.70% (Pb), 8.11% (Cd), and 6.76% (Cr). According to the European Union standard (2019), the rate of COFs with excessive heavy metals was 32.43% for Cu, 75.68% for Zn, and 85.14% for Ni. Estimated by applying 3854 kg hectare− 1 (dry bass) of fertilizer per hectare per year, to guarantee the safe use of organic fertilizer, the risk monitoring of Cd in soil should be emphasized. China should formulate appropriate standards for the limits of Cu, Zn, and Ni in organic fertilizer as soon as possible and should pay great attention to heavy metal pollution of soils. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj-art-6dd50b56eed4412e8e7430f5a85a06f72025-01-12T12:19:41ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111010.1038/s41598-024-79681-9Heavy metals concentrations in commercial organic fertilizers and the potential risk of fertilization into soilsKunjie Su0Qingliang Zhang1Anjing Chen2Xiaoqin Wang3Lingling Zhan4Qiang Rao5Jinxia Wang6Hongjun Yang7College of Resources and Environment, Southwest UniversityLuzhou Laojiao Co. LtdLuzhou Laojiao Co. LtdLuzhou Laojiao Co. LtdCollege of Resources and Safety, Chongqing Vocational Institute of EngineeringLuzhou Laojiao Co. LtdCollege of Resources and Safety, Chongqing Vocational Institute of EngineeringCollege of Resources and Environment, Southwest UniversityAbstract Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to detect heavy metals in 74 typical and representative commercial organic fertilizers (COFs) collected in major COF production areas in China. The potential risk of fertilization into soils was evaluated. The concentrations of heavy metals (mg kg− 1) in these COFs were 1.55–36.95 (As), 0.04–2.32 (Hg), 1.43–78.05 (Pb), 0.15–7.49 (Cd), 11.03–212.90 (Cr), 7.74-555.11 (Cu), 21.46-2705.68 (Zn), and 5.62-244.47 (Ni), respectively. Based on China’s Organic Fertilizer Standard (2021), COFs with excessive heavy metals accounted for 45.95% (As), 1.35% (Hg), 2.70% (Pb), 8.11% (Cd), and 6.76% (Cr). According to the European Union standard (2019), the rate of COFs with excessive heavy metals was 32.43% for Cu, 75.68% for Zn, and 85.14% for Ni. Estimated by applying 3854 kg hectare− 1 (dry bass) of fertilizer per hectare per year, to guarantee the safe use of organic fertilizer, the risk monitoring of Cd in soil should be emphasized. China should formulate appropriate standards for the limits of Cu, Zn, and Ni in organic fertilizer as soon as possible and should pay great attention to heavy metal pollution of soils.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79681-9Commercial organic fertilizerHeavy metalsPotential riskPollution |
| spellingShingle | Kunjie Su Qingliang Zhang Anjing Chen Xiaoqin Wang Lingling Zhan Qiang Rao Jinxia Wang Hongjun Yang Heavy metals concentrations in commercial organic fertilizers and the potential risk of fertilization into soils Scientific Reports Commercial organic fertilizer Heavy metals Potential risk Pollution |
| title | Heavy metals concentrations in commercial organic fertilizers and the potential risk of fertilization into soils |
| title_full | Heavy metals concentrations in commercial organic fertilizers and the potential risk of fertilization into soils |
| title_fullStr | Heavy metals concentrations in commercial organic fertilizers and the potential risk of fertilization into soils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heavy metals concentrations in commercial organic fertilizers and the potential risk of fertilization into soils |
| title_short | Heavy metals concentrations in commercial organic fertilizers and the potential risk of fertilization into soils |
| title_sort | heavy metals concentrations in commercial organic fertilizers and the potential risk of fertilization into soils |
| topic | Commercial organic fertilizer Heavy metals Potential risk Pollution |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79681-9 |
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