Unintentional Injuries Requiring Medical Attention in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence from Nationally Representative surveys in 12 Countries

Abstract Background Despite a high burden of injuries in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), a lack of empirical evidence on mechanism, location, and distribution of unintentional injuries requiring medical attention (hereafter injuries) hinders informed health system policy development....

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Main Authors: Leila Ghalichi, Albertino Damasceno, David Flood, Pascal Geldsetzer, Mongal Gurung, Maja Marcus, Kibachio Joseph Mwangi, Sebastian Vollmer, Michaela Theilmann, Justine Davies
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44197-025-00420-y
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author Leila Ghalichi
Albertino Damasceno
David Flood
Pascal Geldsetzer
Mongal Gurung
Maja Marcus
Kibachio Joseph Mwangi
Sebastian Vollmer
Michaela Theilmann
Justine Davies
author_facet Leila Ghalichi
Albertino Damasceno
David Flood
Pascal Geldsetzer
Mongal Gurung
Maja Marcus
Kibachio Joseph Mwangi
Sebastian Vollmer
Michaela Theilmann
Justine Davies
author_sort Leila Ghalichi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Despite a high burden of injuries in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), a lack of empirical evidence on mechanism, location, and distribution of unintentional injuries requiring medical attention (hereafter injuries) hinders informed health system policy development. Methods Using individual-level data from nationally representative surveys conducted in LMICs between 2014–2019, we describe the weighted annual prevalence of non-fatal injuries, their mechanisms, environments in which they occur, and characteristics of people injured, in individuals aged 15–64 years. Multivariable logistic regression models were estimated to evaluate associations of injuries with individual-level characteristics. Results We included data on 47,747 participants from 12 LMICs in four WHO regions. The weighted prevalence of non-fatal injuries in the past year was 6.8% (95% CI: 6.3%-7.2%); men suffered a greater prevalence of injuries than women (8.3% [95% CI 7.6%-9.0%] vs. 5.4% [95% CI 5.0%-5.9%], respectively). In the multivariable logistic regression, the odds of having any injury were lower among females and married people and higher among individuals with some primary education. Prevalence of non-road traffic collision injuries was almost threefold that of road traffic collision (RTC) injuries: 5.6% (5.2%-6.0%) vs. 1.7% (1.5%-2.0%). When considering non-RTC injuries, falls were the most common mechanism (47.0%, 95% CI 44.0%-50.1%), and homes were the most common location (38.1%, 95% CI 34.9%-41.4%), followed by road (17.9%, 95% CI 15.7%-20.4%), and workplace (17.4%, 95% CI 15.2%-19.8%). The largest proportion (23.2%, [95% CI 20.6%-25.9%]) of non-RTC injuries happened to women at home. Conclusion Non-RTC injuries, in particular falls, predominate in this population. This highlights a neglected side of injuries, many of which happen at home to women, whereas global attention tends to focus on RTCs. Data on all mechanisms of injuries and care-seeking behaviour after injuries are required for health system planning.
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spelling doaj-art-6dcb0b1b68914459bfedcaed275dfaf22025-08-20T02:06:23ZengSpringerJournal of Epidemiology and Global Health2210-60142025-06-0115111410.1007/s44197-025-00420-yUnintentional Injuries Requiring Medical Attention in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence from Nationally Representative surveys in 12 CountriesLeila Ghalichi0Albertino Damasceno1David Flood2Pascal Geldsetzer3Mongal Gurung4Maja Marcus5Kibachio Joseph Mwangi6Sebastian Vollmer7Michaela Theilmann8Justine Davies9Department of Applied Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of BirminghamFaculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane UniversityDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of MichiganDivision of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford UniversityPolicy and Planning Division, Ministry of HealthDivision of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolDivision of Non-Communicable Diseases, Ministry of HealthDepartment of Economics and Centre for Modern Indian Studies, University of GoettingenDivision of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Applied Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of BirminghamAbstract Background Despite a high burden of injuries in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), a lack of empirical evidence on mechanism, location, and distribution of unintentional injuries requiring medical attention (hereafter injuries) hinders informed health system policy development. Methods Using individual-level data from nationally representative surveys conducted in LMICs between 2014–2019, we describe the weighted annual prevalence of non-fatal injuries, their mechanisms, environments in which they occur, and characteristics of people injured, in individuals aged 15–64 years. Multivariable logistic regression models were estimated to evaluate associations of injuries with individual-level characteristics. Results We included data on 47,747 participants from 12 LMICs in four WHO regions. The weighted prevalence of non-fatal injuries in the past year was 6.8% (95% CI: 6.3%-7.2%); men suffered a greater prevalence of injuries than women (8.3% [95% CI 7.6%-9.0%] vs. 5.4% [95% CI 5.0%-5.9%], respectively). In the multivariable logistic regression, the odds of having any injury were lower among females and married people and higher among individuals with some primary education. Prevalence of non-road traffic collision injuries was almost threefold that of road traffic collision (RTC) injuries: 5.6% (5.2%-6.0%) vs. 1.7% (1.5%-2.0%). When considering non-RTC injuries, falls were the most common mechanism (47.0%, 95% CI 44.0%-50.1%), and homes were the most common location (38.1%, 95% CI 34.9%-41.4%), followed by road (17.9%, 95% CI 15.7%-20.4%), and workplace (17.4%, 95% CI 15.2%-19.8%). The largest proportion (23.2%, [95% CI 20.6%-25.9%]) of non-RTC injuries happened to women at home. Conclusion Non-RTC injuries, in particular falls, predominate in this population. This highlights a neglected side of injuries, many of which happen at home to women, whereas global attention tends to focus on RTCs. Data on all mechanisms of injuries and care-seeking behaviour after injuries are required for health system planning.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44197-025-00420-yInjuryGlobal HealthEquityLMIC
spellingShingle Leila Ghalichi
Albertino Damasceno
David Flood
Pascal Geldsetzer
Mongal Gurung
Maja Marcus
Kibachio Joseph Mwangi
Sebastian Vollmer
Michaela Theilmann
Justine Davies
Unintentional Injuries Requiring Medical Attention in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence from Nationally Representative surveys in 12 Countries
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
Injury
Global Health
Equity
LMIC
title Unintentional Injuries Requiring Medical Attention in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence from Nationally Representative surveys in 12 Countries
title_full Unintentional Injuries Requiring Medical Attention in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence from Nationally Representative surveys in 12 Countries
title_fullStr Unintentional Injuries Requiring Medical Attention in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence from Nationally Representative surveys in 12 Countries
title_full_unstemmed Unintentional Injuries Requiring Medical Attention in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence from Nationally Representative surveys in 12 Countries
title_short Unintentional Injuries Requiring Medical Attention in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence from Nationally Representative surveys in 12 Countries
title_sort unintentional injuries requiring medical attention in low income and middle income countries evidence from nationally representative surveys in 12 countries
topic Injury
Global Health
Equity
LMIC
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44197-025-00420-y
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