Reverse effect of mammalian hypocalcemic cortisol in fish: cortisol stimulates Ca2+ uptake via glucocorticoid receptor-mediated vitamin D3 metabolism.
Cortisol was reported to downregulate body-fluid Ca(2+) levels in mammals but was proposed to show hypercalcemic effects in teleostean fish. Fish, unlike terrestrial vertebrates, obtain Ca(2+) from the environment mainly via the gills and skin rather than by dietary means, and have to regulate the C...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2011-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0023689&type=printable |
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| author | Chia-Hao Lin I-Lun Tsai Che-Hsien Su Deng-Yu Tseng Pung-Pung Hwang |
| author_facet | Chia-Hao Lin I-Lun Tsai Che-Hsien Su Deng-Yu Tseng Pung-Pung Hwang |
| author_sort | Chia-Hao Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cortisol was reported to downregulate body-fluid Ca(2+) levels in mammals but was proposed to show hypercalcemic effects in teleostean fish. Fish, unlike terrestrial vertebrates, obtain Ca(2+) from the environment mainly via the gills and skin rather than by dietary means, and have to regulate the Ca(2+) uptake functions to cope with fluctuating Ca(2+) levels in aquatic environments. Cortisol was previously found to regulate Ca(2+) uptake in fish; however, the molecular mechanism behind this is largely unclear. Zebrafish were used as a model to explore this issue. Acclimation to low-Ca(2+) fresh water stimulated Ca(2+) influx and expression of epithelial calcium channel (ecac), 11β-hydroxylase and the glucocorticoid receptor (gr). Exogenous cortisol increased Ca(2+) influx and the expressions of ecac and hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 (hsd11b2), but downregulated 11β-hydroxylase and the gr with no effects on other Ca(2+) transporters or the mineralocorticoid receptor (mr). Morpholino knockdown of the GR, but not the MR, was found to impair zebrafish Ca(2+) uptake function by inhibiting the ecac expression. To further explore the regulatory mechanism of cortisol in Ca(2+) uptake, the involvement of vitamin D(3) was analyzed. Cortisol stimulated expressions of vitamin D-25hydroxylase (cyp27a1), cyp27a1 like (cyp27a1l), 1α-OHase (cyp27b1) at 3 dpf through GR, the first time to demonstrate the relationship between cortisol and vitamin D(3) in fish. In conclusion, cortisol stimulates ecac expression to enhance Ca(2+) uptake functions, and this control pathway is suggested to be mediated by the GR. Lastly, cortisol also could mediate vitamin D(3) signaling to stimulate Ca(2+) uptake in zebrafish. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6dc7ea7e72344f4dacc1faf189acd893 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2011-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-6dc7ea7e72344f4dacc1faf189acd8932025-08-20T02:48:33ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032011-01-0168e2368910.1371/journal.pone.0023689Reverse effect of mammalian hypocalcemic cortisol in fish: cortisol stimulates Ca2+ uptake via glucocorticoid receptor-mediated vitamin D3 metabolism.Chia-Hao LinI-Lun TsaiChe-Hsien SuDeng-Yu TsengPung-Pung HwangCortisol was reported to downregulate body-fluid Ca(2+) levels in mammals but was proposed to show hypercalcemic effects in teleostean fish. Fish, unlike terrestrial vertebrates, obtain Ca(2+) from the environment mainly via the gills and skin rather than by dietary means, and have to regulate the Ca(2+) uptake functions to cope with fluctuating Ca(2+) levels in aquatic environments. Cortisol was previously found to regulate Ca(2+) uptake in fish; however, the molecular mechanism behind this is largely unclear. Zebrafish were used as a model to explore this issue. Acclimation to low-Ca(2+) fresh water stimulated Ca(2+) influx and expression of epithelial calcium channel (ecac), 11β-hydroxylase and the glucocorticoid receptor (gr). Exogenous cortisol increased Ca(2+) influx and the expressions of ecac and hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 (hsd11b2), but downregulated 11β-hydroxylase and the gr with no effects on other Ca(2+) transporters or the mineralocorticoid receptor (mr). Morpholino knockdown of the GR, but not the MR, was found to impair zebrafish Ca(2+) uptake function by inhibiting the ecac expression. To further explore the regulatory mechanism of cortisol in Ca(2+) uptake, the involvement of vitamin D(3) was analyzed. Cortisol stimulated expressions of vitamin D-25hydroxylase (cyp27a1), cyp27a1 like (cyp27a1l), 1α-OHase (cyp27b1) at 3 dpf through GR, the first time to demonstrate the relationship between cortisol and vitamin D(3) in fish. In conclusion, cortisol stimulates ecac expression to enhance Ca(2+) uptake functions, and this control pathway is suggested to be mediated by the GR. Lastly, cortisol also could mediate vitamin D(3) signaling to stimulate Ca(2+) uptake in zebrafish.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0023689&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Chia-Hao Lin I-Lun Tsai Che-Hsien Su Deng-Yu Tseng Pung-Pung Hwang Reverse effect of mammalian hypocalcemic cortisol in fish: cortisol stimulates Ca2+ uptake via glucocorticoid receptor-mediated vitamin D3 metabolism. PLoS ONE |
| title | Reverse effect of mammalian hypocalcemic cortisol in fish: cortisol stimulates Ca2+ uptake via glucocorticoid receptor-mediated vitamin D3 metabolism. |
| title_full | Reverse effect of mammalian hypocalcemic cortisol in fish: cortisol stimulates Ca2+ uptake via glucocorticoid receptor-mediated vitamin D3 metabolism. |
| title_fullStr | Reverse effect of mammalian hypocalcemic cortisol in fish: cortisol stimulates Ca2+ uptake via glucocorticoid receptor-mediated vitamin D3 metabolism. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reverse effect of mammalian hypocalcemic cortisol in fish: cortisol stimulates Ca2+ uptake via glucocorticoid receptor-mediated vitamin D3 metabolism. |
| title_short | Reverse effect of mammalian hypocalcemic cortisol in fish: cortisol stimulates Ca2+ uptake via glucocorticoid receptor-mediated vitamin D3 metabolism. |
| title_sort | reverse effect of mammalian hypocalcemic cortisol in fish cortisol stimulates ca2 uptake via glucocorticoid receptor mediated vitamin d3 metabolism |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0023689&type=printable |
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