Toward a unified parameterization of three dimensional turbulent transport in high resolution numerical weather prediction models

Abstract In numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, horizontal and vertical turbulent mixing is parameterized separately within the dynamic solver of a model and by a one-dimensional standalone module outside the dynamic core. This method becomes problematic as model resolution increases to the g...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ping Zhu, Kwun Yip. Fung, Xuejin Zhang, Jun A. Zhang, Jian-Wen Bao, Chuan-Kai Wang, Bin Liu, Zhan Zhang, Lucas Harris, Kun Gao, Fanglin Yang, Jongil Han, Weiguo Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01117-6
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849328922293960704
author Ping Zhu
Kwun Yip. Fung
Xuejin Zhang
Jun A. Zhang
Jian-Wen Bao
Chuan-Kai Wang
Bin Liu
Zhan Zhang
Lucas Harris
Kun Gao
Fanglin Yang
Jongil Han
Weiguo Wang
author_facet Ping Zhu
Kwun Yip. Fung
Xuejin Zhang
Jun A. Zhang
Jian-Wen Bao
Chuan-Kai Wang
Bin Liu
Zhan Zhang
Lucas Harris
Kun Gao
Fanglin Yang
Jongil Han
Weiguo Wang
author_sort Ping Zhu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, horizontal and vertical turbulent mixing is parameterized separately within the dynamic solver of a model and by a one-dimensional standalone module outside the dynamic core. This method becomes problematic as model resolution increases to the gray zone of turbulence parameterization where three-dimensional (3D) anisotropic turbulence tends to generate inter-connected horizontal and vertical mixing that cannot be artificially separated. To remediate the problem, a 3D scale-aware (SA) turbulence scheme based on a generalized turbulence closure applicable across scales has been developed and implemented in the Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS). Simulations of 11 Atlantic basin storms of 2024 show that the new scheme substantially improves HAFS’s forecasting skill for storms with hurricane strength, suggesting that an appropriate account for 3D anisotropic turbulent transport is important for track and intensity forecast of tropical cyclones and provides a venue for realistically representing sub-grid-scale turbulence in NWP.
format Article
id doaj-art-6db0d5ce9618414cb902afbbbb8e2e52
institution Kabale University
issn 2397-3722
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
spelling doaj-art-6db0d5ce9618414cb902afbbbb8e2e522025-08-20T03:47:24ZengNature Portfolionpj Climate and Atmospheric Science2397-37222025-06-018111310.1038/s41612-025-01117-6Toward a unified parameterization of three dimensional turbulent transport in high resolution numerical weather prediction modelsPing Zhu0Kwun Yip. Fung1Xuejin Zhang2Jun A. Zhang3Jian-Wen Bao4Chuan-Kai Wang5Bin Liu6Zhan Zhang7Lucas Harris8Kun Gao9Fanglin Yang10Jongil Han11Weiguo Wang12Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University (FIU)Cooperative Institute for Marine & Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), University of Miami (UM)Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), NOAACooperative Institute for Marine & Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), University of Miami (UM)Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL), NOAARedline Performance Solutions LLC at NOAA/NWS/NCEP/EMC, Redline Performance Solutions LLC Lynker at NOAA/NWS/NCEP/EMC, LynkerEnvironmental Modeling Center (EMC), NOAAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), NOAAProgram in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton UniversityEnvironmental Modeling Center (EMC), NOAAEnvironmental Modeling Center (EMC), NOAA SAIC at NOAA/NWS/NCEP/EMC, Science Applications International CorporationAbstract In numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, horizontal and vertical turbulent mixing is parameterized separately within the dynamic solver of a model and by a one-dimensional standalone module outside the dynamic core. This method becomes problematic as model resolution increases to the gray zone of turbulence parameterization where three-dimensional (3D) anisotropic turbulence tends to generate inter-connected horizontal and vertical mixing that cannot be artificially separated. To remediate the problem, a 3D scale-aware (SA) turbulence scheme based on a generalized turbulence closure applicable across scales has been developed and implemented in the Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS). Simulations of 11 Atlantic basin storms of 2024 show that the new scheme substantially improves HAFS’s forecasting skill for storms with hurricane strength, suggesting that an appropriate account for 3D anisotropic turbulent transport is important for track and intensity forecast of tropical cyclones and provides a venue for realistically representing sub-grid-scale turbulence in NWP.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01117-6
spellingShingle Ping Zhu
Kwun Yip. Fung
Xuejin Zhang
Jun A. Zhang
Jian-Wen Bao
Chuan-Kai Wang
Bin Liu
Zhan Zhang
Lucas Harris
Kun Gao
Fanglin Yang
Jongil Han
Weiguo Wang
Toward a unified parameterization of three dimensional turbulent transport in high resolution numerical weather prediction models
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
title Toward a unified parameterization of three dimensional turbulent transport in high resolution numerical weather prediction models
title_full Toward a unified parameterization of three dimensional turbulent transport in high resolution numerical weather prediction models
title_fullStr Toward a unified parameterization of three dimensional turbulent transport in high resolution numerical weather prediction models
title_full_unstemmed Toward a unified parameterization of three dimensional turbulent transport in high resolution numerical weather prediction models
title_short Toward a unified parameterization of three dimensional turbulent transport in high resolution numerical weather prediction models
title_sort toward a unified parameterization of three dimensional turbulent transport in high resolution numerical weather prediction models
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01117-6
work_keys_str_mv AT pingzhu towardaunifiedparameterizationofthreedimensionalturbulenttransportinhighresolutionnumericalweatherpredictionmodels
AT kwunyipfung towardaunifiedparameterizationofthreedimensionalturbulenttransportinhighresolutionnumericalweatherpredictionmodels
AT xuejinzhang towardaunifiedparameterizationofthreedimensionalturbulenttransportinhighresolutionnumericalweatherpredictionmodels
AT junazhang towardaunifiedparameterizationofthreedimensionalturbulenttransportinhighresolutionnumericalweatherpredictionmodels
AT jianwenbao towardaunifiedparameterizationofthreedimensionalturbulenttransportinhighresolutionnumericalweatherpredictionmodels
AT chuankaiwang towardaunifiedparameterizationofthreedimensionalturbulenttransportinhighresolutionnumericalweatherpredictionmodels
AT binliu towardaunifiedparameterizationofthreedimensionalturbulenttransportinhighresolutionnumericalweatherpredictionmodels
AT zhanzhang towardaunifiedparameterizationofthreedimensionalturbulenttransportinhighresolutionnumericalweatherpredictionmodels
AT lucasharris towardaunifiedparameterizationofthreedimensionalturbulenttransportinhighresolutionnumericalweatherpredictionmodels
AT kungao towardaunifiedparameterizationofthreedimensionalturbulenttransportinhighresolutionnumericalweatherpredictionmodels
AT fanglinyang towardaunifiedparameterizationofthreedimensionalturbulenttransportinhighresolutionnumericalweatherpredictionmodels
AT jongilhan towardaunifiedparameterizationofthreedimensionalturbulenttransportinhighresolutionnumericalweatherpredictionmodels
AT weiguowang towardaunifiedparameterizationofthreedimensionalturbulenttransportinhighresolutionnumericalweatherpredictionmodels