Retrospective investigation of porcine circoviruses in cases of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome
Abstract Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) is a severe condition that affects mainly growing pigs and is considered to be caused by a type III hypersensitivity reaction. Although porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is the antigen linked to this condition, porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) has a...
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BMC
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-024-01405-8 |
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| author | Àlex Cobos Mariano Domingo Mónica Pérez Eva Huerta Anna Llorens Joaquim Segalés Marina Sibila |
| author_facet | Àlex Cobos Mariano Domingo Mónica Pérez Eva Huerta Anna Llorens Joaquim Segalés Marina Sibila |
| author_sort | Àlex Cobos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) is a severe condition that affects mainly growing pigs and is considered to be caused by a type III hypersensitivity reaction. Although porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is the antigen linked to this condition, porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) has also been proposed to be causally associated with PDNS. Moreover, the initial description of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV-4) also related this novel agent to this clinicopathological entity. Therefore, this retrospective study included a large number of PDNS cases (n = 102) fulfilling specific histologic criteria in search of known porcine circoviruses (PCV-1 to PCV-4) by conventional and/or quantitative PCR (qPCR). All the samples were subjected to PCV-2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) or conventional in situ hybridization (C-ISH), and RNAscope® (R-ISH) was used to study PCV-2 and PCV-3 localization in a subset of the samples. All PDNS cases were PCV-2 positive by qPCR, while 30 of them (29.4%) yielded PCV-3 qPCR positivity; PCV-2 viral loads were significantly greater than PCV-3 viral loads. All animals were negative for PCV-1 and PCV-4. By C-ISH/IHC, 63 cases (61.8%) were positive for PCV-2, with low to moderate amounts of antigen. R-ISH demonstrated higher sensitivity, as all studied cases were positive; however, neither PCV-2 nor PCV-3 were consistently found within characteristic PDNS lesions. These results indicate that all PDNS-affected pigs were infected with PCV-2, emphasizing the likelihood that this viral antigen is causally linked to this condition. In contrast, no evidence of the association of PCV-1, PCV-3 or PCV-4 with PDNS was found. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1297-9716 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-6daa85dbcfe341439add0fc36ab7ec4d2025-08-20T02:13:55ZengBMCVeterinary Research1297-97162024-11-0155111010.1186/s13567-024-01405-8Retrospective investigation of porcine circoviruses in cases of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndromeÀlex Cobos0Mariano Domingo1Mónica Pérez2Eva Huerta3Anna Llorens4Joaquim Segalés5Marina Sibila6Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)Abstract Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) is a severe condition that affects mainly growing pigs and is considered to be caused by a type III hypersensitivity reaction. Although porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is the antigen linked to this condition, porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) has also been proposed to be causally associated with PDNS. Moreover, the initial description of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV-4) also related this novel agent to this clinicopathological entity. Therefore, this retrospective study included a large number of PDNS cases (n = 102) fulfilling specific histologic criteria in search of known porcine circoviruses (PCV-1 to PCV-4) by conventional and/or quantitative PCR (qPCR). All the samples were subjected to PCV-2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) or conventional in situ hybridization (C-ISH), and RNAscope® (R-ISH) was used to study PCV-2 and PCV-3 localization in a subset of the samples. All PDNS cases were PCV-2 positive by qPCR, while 30 of them (29.4%) yielded PCV-3 qPCR positivity; PCV-2 viral loads were significantly greater than PCV-3 viral loads. All animals were negative for PCV-1 and PCV-4. By C-ISH/IHC, 63 cases (61.8%) were positive for PCV-2, with low to moderate amounts of antigen. R-ISH demonstrated higher sensitivity, as all studied cases were positive; however, neither PCV-2 nor PCV-3 were consistently found within characteristic PDNS lesions. These results indicate that all PDNS-affected pigs were infected with PCV-2, emphasizing the likelihood that this viral antigen is causally linked to this condition. In contrast, no evidence of the association of PCV-1, PCV-3 or PCV-4 with PDNS was found.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-024-01405-8Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)porcine circovirus 1 (PCV-1)porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2)porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3)porcine circovirus 4 (PCV-4)in situ hybridization |
| spellingShingle | Àlex Cobos Mariano Domingo Mónica Pérez Eva Huerta Anna Llorens Joaquim Segalés Marina Sibila Retrospective investigation of porcine circoviruses in cases of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome Veterinary Research Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) porcine circovirus 1 (PCV-1) porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) porcine circovirus 4 (PCV-4) in situ hybridization |
| title | Retrospective investigation of porcine circoviruses in cases of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome |
| title_full | Retrospective investigation of porcine circoviruses in cases of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome |
| title_fullStr | Retrospective investigation of porcine circoviruses in cases of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Retrospective investigation of porcine circoviruses in cases of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome |
| title_short | Retrospective investigation of porcine circoviruses in cases of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome |
| title_sort | retrospective investigation of porcine circoviruses in cases of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome |
| topic | Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) porcine circovirus 1 (PCV-1) porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) porcine circovirus 4 (PCV-4) in situ hybridization |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-024-01405-8 |
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