<i>Ziran</i> and Continuous Orderly Transformation: New Interpretation of <i>Ziran</i> in <i>Daodejing</i>

The term <i>ziran</i> first appears in the <i>Daodejing</i>, yet its precise meaning and attribution remain ambiguous in this book, sparking ongoing scholarly debate. This paper argues that Laozi’s idea of <i>ziran</i> fundamentally pertains to all things and the...

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Main Author: Yiming Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Religions
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/16/7/902
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author Yiming Wang
author_facet Yiming Wang
author_sort Yiming Wang
collection DOAJ
description The term <i>ziran</i> first appears in the <i>Daodejing</i>, yet its precise meaning and attribution remain ambiguous in this book, sparking ongoing scholarly debate. This paper argues that Laozi’s idea of <i>ziran</i> fundamentally pertains to all things and the common people, rather than the Dao or the ruler, and its realization depends on the noncoercive action (<i>wuwei</i>, 無為) of the Dao and the ruler. While <i>ziran</i> is commonly understood as “natural” or “free from external force”, Laozi reinterprets it beyond its literal meaning, integrating the notion of order through its relationship with <i>wuwei</i> and thus imbuing it with theoretical significance. In this framework, <i>ziran</i> encompasses orders of internal senses and orders of external activities inherent in all things while simultaneously excluding excessive and disorderly desires. It thereby serves as a criterion for assessing the orderliness of desires. Furthermore, by elucidating <i>ziran</i> as the continuous transformation of things, the standard to which the ideal ruler or the sage resorts to curb the disorderly desires of the common people is established.
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spelling doaj-art-6d96a0fcfda44fcf959bfe5574bf14562025-08-20T03:08:02ZengMDPI AGReligions2077-14442025-07-0116790210.3390/rel16070902<i>Ziran</i> and Continuous Orderly Transformation: New Interpretation of <i>Ziran</i> in <i>Daodejing</i>Yiming Wang0Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaThe term <i>ziran</i> first appears in the <i>Daodejing</i>, yet its precise meaning and attribution remain ambiguous in this book, sparking ongoing scholarly debate. This paper argues that Laozi’s idea of <i>ziran</i> fundamentally pertains to all things and the common people, rather than the Dao or the ruler, and its realization depends on the noncoercive action (<i>wuwei</i>, 無為) of the Dao and the ruler. While <i>ziran</i> is commonly understood as “natural” or “free from external force”, Laozi reinterprets it beyond its literal meaning, integrating the notion of order through its relationship with <i>wuwei</i> and thus imbuing it with theoretical significance. In this framework, <i>ziran</i> encompasses orders of internal senses and orders of external activities inherent in all things while simultaneously excluding excessive and disorderly desires. It thereby serves as a criterion for assessing the orderliness of desires. Furthermore, by elucidating <i>ziran</i> as the continuous transformation of things, the standard to which the ideal ruler or the sage resorts to curb the disorderly desires of the common people is established.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/16/7/902<i>ziran</i>noncoercive actionDaoorderdesiretransformation
spellingShingle Yiming Wang
<i>Ziran</i> and Continuous Orderly Transformation: New Interpretation of <i>Ziran</i> in <i>Daodejing</i>
Religions
<i>ziran</i>
noncoercive action
Dao
order
desire
transformation
title <i>Ziran</i> and Continuous Orderly Transformation: New Interpretation of <i>Ziran</i> in <i>Daodejing</i>
title_full <i>Ziran</i> and Continuous Orderly Transformation: New Interpretation of <i>Ziran</i> in <i>Daodejing</i>
title_fullStr <i>Ziran</i> and Continuous Orderly Transformation: New Interpretation of <i>Ziran</i> in <i>Daodejing</i>
title_full_unstemmed <i>Ziran</i> and Continuous Orderly Transformation: New Interpretation of <i>Ziran</i> in <i>Daodejing</i>
title_short <i>Ziran</i> and Continuous Orderly Transformation: New Interpretation of <i>Ziran</i> in <i>Daodejing</i>
title_sort i ziran i and continuous orderly transformation new interpretation of i ziran i in i daodejing i
topic <i>ziran</i>
noncoercive action
Dao
order
desire
transformation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/16/7/902
work_keys_str_mv AT yimingwang iziraniandcontinuousorderlytransformationnewinterpretationofiziraniinidaodejingi