The precision of attention selection during reward learning influences the mechanisms of value-driven attention

Abstract Reward-predictive items capture attention even when task-irrelevant. While value-driven attention typically generalizes to stimuli sharing critical reward-associated features (e.g., red), recent evidence suggests an alternative generalization mechanism based on feature relationships (e.g.,...

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Main Authors: Oudeng Jia, Qingsong Tan, Sihan Zhang, Ke Jia, Mengyuan Gong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:npj Science of Learning
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00342-1
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author Oudeng Jia
Qingsong Tan
Sihan Zhang
Ke Jia
Mengyuan Gong
author_facet Oudeng Jia
Qingsong Tan
Sihan Zhang
Ke Jia
Mengyuan Gong
author_sort Oudeng Jia
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Reward-predictive items capture attention even when task-irrelevant. While value-driven attention typically generalizes to stimuli sharing critical reward-associated features (e.g., red), recent evidence suggests an alternative generalization mechanism based on feature relationships (e.g., redder). Here, we investigated whether relational coding of reward-associated features operates across different learning contexts by manipulating search mode and target-distractor similarity. Results showed that singleton search training induced value-driven relational attention regardless of target-distractor similarity (Experiments 1a–1b). In contrast, feature search training produced value-driven relational attention only when targets and distractors were dissimilar, but not when they were similar (Experiments 2a–2c). These findings indicate that coarse selection training (singleton search or feature search among dissimilar items) promotes relational coding of reward-associated features, while fine selection (feature search among similar items) engages precise feature coding. The precision of target selection during reward learning thus critically determines value-driven attentional mechanisms.
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spelling doaj-art-6d9664f3a2524f1d8bece5d7fdee31072025-08-20T03:45:46ZengNature Portfolionpj Science of Learning2056-79362025-07-0110111010.1038/s41539-025-00342-1The precision of attention selection during reward learning influences the mechanisms of value-driven attentionOudeng Jia0Qingsong Tan1Sihan Zhang2Ke Jia3Mengyuan Gong4Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityDepartment of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Life Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityThe State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang UniversityDepartment of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityAbstract Reward-predictive items capture attention even when task-irrelevant. While value-driven attention typically generalizes to stimuli sharing critical reward-associated features (e.g., red), recent evidence suggests an alternative generalization mechanism based on feature relationships (e.g., redder). Here, we investigated whether relational coding of reward-associated features operates across different learning contexts by manipulating search mode and target-distractor similarity. Results showed that singleton search training induced value-driven relational attention regardless of target-distractor similarity (Experiments 1a–1b). In contrast, feature search training produced value-driven relational attention only when targets and distractors were dissimilar, but not when they were similar (Experiments 2a–2c). These findings indicate that coarse selection training (singleton search or feature search among dissimilar items) promotes relational coding of reward-associated features, while fine selection (feature search among similar items) engages precise feature coding. The precision of target selection during reward learning thus critically determines value-driven attentional mechanisms.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00342-1
spellingShingle Oudeng Jia
Qingsong Tan
Sihan Zhang
Ke Jia
Mengyuan Gong
The precision of attention selection during reward learning influences the mechanisms of value-driven attention
npj Science of Learning
title The precision of attention selection during reward learning influences the mechanisms of value-driven attention
title_full The precision of attention selection during reward learning influences the mechanisms of value-driven attention
title_fullStr The precision of attention selection during reward learning influences the mechanisms of value-driven attention
title_full_unstemmed The precision of attention selection during reward learning influences the mechanisms of value-driven attention
title_short The precision of attention selection during reward learning influences the mechanisms of value-driven attention
title_sort precision of attention selection during reward learning influences the mechanisms of value driven attention
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00342-1
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