Research on energy management strategies for high-power diesel-electric hybrid tractors based on double deep Q-network

Abstract Addressing the issues of complex parameter tuning and challenging online application of control algorithms for energy management strategies in current hybrid tractors. Taking high-power diesel-electric hybrid tractor as the research object, dynamic models for the tractor under three operati...

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Main Authors: Yiwei Wu, Yifan Zhao, Changkai Wen, Junjiang Zhang, Xianghai Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02044-5
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author Yiwei Wu
Yifan Zhao
Changkai Wen
Junjiang Zhang
Xianghai Yan
author_facet Yiwei Wu
Yifan Zhao
Changkai Wen
Junjiang Zhang
Xianghai Yan
author_sort Yiwei Wu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Addressing the issues of complex parameter tuning and challenging online application of control algorithms for energy management strategies in current hybrid tractors. Taking high-power diesel-electric hybrid tractor as the research object, dynamic models for the tractor under three operating conditions—plowing, rotary tillage, and transportation—were established. With engine power as the agent’s control action, drive motor power and battery SOC as state variables, and tractor equivalent fuel consumption and battery SOC as the reward function, an energy management strategy based on deep reinforcement learning was designed using the double deep Q-network (DDQN) algorithm. Finally, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing platform was set up to conduct HIL tests on the designed tractor model and energy management strategy. The test results demonstrate that, in comparison to the power-following-based energy management strategy, the DDQN strategy: under plowing conditions, achieves a 1.18% savings in SOC, reduces equivalent fuel consumption by 10.40%, and decreases diesel consumption by 4.59%; under rotary tillage conditions, consumes an additional 3.09% of SOC, but reduces equivalent fuel consumption by 9.78% and diesel consumption by 4.77%; and under transportation conditions, consumes an additional 1.49% of SOC, reduces equivalent fuel consumption by 9.57%, and increases diesel consumption by 0.65%.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-6d853a63f3f64f259ced53a8cb07e2cf2025-08-20T03:53:58ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115112210.1038/s41598-025-02044-5Research on energy management strategies for high-power diesel-electric hybrid tractors based on double deep Q-networkYiwei Wu0Yifan Zhao1Changkai Wen2Junjiang Zhang3Xianghai Yan4College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and TechnologyCollege of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and TechnologyCollege of Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityCollege of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and TechnologyCollege of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and TechnologyAbstract Addressing the issues of complex parameter tuning and challenging online application of control algorithms for energy management strategies in current hybrid tractors. Taking high-power diesel-electric hybrid tractor as the research object, dynamic models for the tractor under three operating conditions—plowing, rotary tillage, and transportation—were established. With engine power as the agent’s control action, drive motor power and battery SOC as state variables, and tractor equivalent fuel consumption and battery SOC as the reward function, an energy management strategy based on deep reinforcement learning was designed using the double deep Q-network (DDQN) algorithm. Finally, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing platform was set up to conduct HIL tests on the designed tractor model and energy management strategy. The test results demonstrate that, in comparison to the power-following-based energy management strategy, the DDQN strategy: under plowing conditions, achieves a 1.18% savings in SOC, reduces equivalent fuel consumption by 10.40%, and decreases diesel consumption by 4.59%; under rotary tillage conditions, consumes an additional 3.09% of SOC, but reduces equivalent fuel consumption by 9.78% and diesel consumption by 4.77%; and under transportation conditions, consumes an additional 1.49% of SOC, reduces equivalent fuel consumption by 9.57%, and increases diesel consumption by 0.65%.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02044-5Deep reinforcement learningHybrid tractorEnergy management strategyHardware in the loop
spellingShingle Yiwei Wu
Yifan Zhao
Changkai Wen
Junjiang Zhang
Xianghai Yan
Research on energy management strategies for high-power diesel-electric hybrid tractors based on double deep Q-network
Scientific Reports
Deep reinforcement learning
Hybrid tractor
Energy management strategy
Hardware in the loop
title Research on energy management strategies for high-power diesel-electric hybrid tractors based on double deep Q-network
title_full Research on energy management strategies for high-power diesel-electric hybrid tractors based on double deep Q-network
title_fullStr Research on energy management strategies for high-power diesel-electric hybrid tractors based on double deep Q-network
title_full_unstemmed Research on energy management strategies for high-power diesel-electric hybrid tractors based on double deep Q-network
title_short Research on energy management strategies for high-power diesel-electric hybrid tractors based on double deep Q-network
title_sort research on energy management strategies for high power diesel electric hybrid tractors based on double deep q network
topic Deep reinforcement learning
Hybrid tractor
Energy management strategy
Hardware in the loop
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02044-5
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AT changkaiwen researchonenergymanagementstrategiesforhighpowerdieselelectrichybridtractorsbasedondoubledeepqnetwork
AT junjiangzhang researchonenergymanagementstrategiesforhighpowerdieselelectrichybridtractorsbasedondoubledeepqnetwork
AT xianghaiyan researchonenergymanagementstrategiesforhighpowerdieselelectrichybridtractorsbasedondoubledeepqnetwork