Study on the restorative benefits of four behavioural patterns of urban landscape forests under seasonal change

Abstract Urban landscape forests (ULFs) are important green spaces that promote human well-being by providing health benefits and leisure opportunities. Most studies have concentrated only on health promotion differences in terms of plant community characteristics and have ignored the influence of a...

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Main Authors: Linjia Wu, Sirui Song, Yunlong Pan, Junyang Liu, Xin Zeng, Zongyuan Lu, Qibing Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09526-6
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author Linjia Wu
Sirui Song
Yunlong Pan
Junyang Liu
Xin Zeng
Zongyuan Lu
Qibing Chen
author_facet Linjia Wu
Sirui Song
Yunlong Pan
Junyang Liu
Xin Zeng
Zongyuan Lu
Qibing Chen
author_sort Linjia Wu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Urban landscape forests (ULFs) are important green spaces that promote human well-being by providing health benefits and leisure opportunities. Most studies have concentrated only on health promotion differences in terms of plant community characteristics and have ignored the influence of a user’s own activity type. This study explores the restorative effects of different behavioural modes in deciduous ULFs. We chose 4 common behavioural modes, and a grouping experiment was conducted on a ginkgo scenic forest in Shuangliu Central Park, Chengdu, China. A total of 128 subjects were randomly divided into four gender-balanced groups. Physiological and psychological responses were evaluated using blood pressure, heart rate, electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements, and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) scale. The results revealed that the changes in systolic blood pressure and heart rate in the GL group decreased significantly, and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly. In the monitoring of EEG changes, the α wave and β wave activity in the GS group and GW group were significantly increased. A comparison of the ANCOVAs among the four groups revealed that the α wave activity of the GS group was significantly greater than that of the other three groups (p < 0.001), the β wave activity of the GS group was significantly lower than that of the GW group, and the T–A mood values of the four behaviour pattern groups were significantly lower according to the POMS. According to the overall statistics of the available indicators, the health benefits of walking in autumn landscape forests are greatest, followed by sitting, lying and talking. The results of this research can encourage urban planners to consider appropriate behavioural guidance when developing nature tours or immersive nature projects on the basis of differences in behaviour patterns to gain more scientific insights into activity types.
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spelling doaj-art-6d82da2a997b4979b808b390649d0cb92025-08-20T03:45:56ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111810.1038/s41598-025-09526-6Study on the restorative benefits of four behavioural patterns of urban landscape forests under seasonal changeLinjia Wu0Sirui Song1Yunlong Pan2Junyang Liu3Xin Zeng4Zongyuan Lu5Qibing Chen6College of Art, Sichuan Tourism UniversityCollege of Art, Sichuan Tourism UniversityCollege of Art, Sichuan Tourism UniversityCollege of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityCollege of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityCollege of Art, Sichuan Tourism UniversityCollege of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityAbstract Urban landscape forests (ULFs) are important green spaces that promote human well-being by providing health benefits and leisure opportunities. Most studies have concentrated only on health promotion differences in terms of plant community characteristics and have ignored the influence of a user’s own activity type. This study explores the restorative effects of different behavioural modes in deciduous ULFs. We chose 4 common behavioural modes, and a grouping experiment was conducted on a ginkgo scenic forest in Shuangliu Central Park, Chengdu, China. A total of 128 subjects were randomly divided into four gender-balanced groups. Physiological and psychological responses were evaluated using blood pressure, heart rate, electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements, and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) scale. The results revealed that the changes in systolic blood pressure and heart rate in the GL group decreased significantly, and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly. In the monitoring of EEG changes, the α wave and β wave activity in the GS group and GW group were significantly increased. A comparison of the ANCOVAs among the four groups revealed that the α wave activity of the GS group was significantly greater than that of the other three groups (p < 0.001), the β wave activity of the GS group was significantly lower than that of the GW group, and the T–A mood values of the four behaviour pattern groups were significantly lower according to the POMS. According to the overall statistics of the available indicators, the health benefits of walking in autumn landscape forests are greatest, followed by sitting, lying and talking. The results of this research can encourage urban planners to consider appropriate behavioural guidance when developing nature tours or immersive nature projects on the basis of differences in behaviour patterns to gain more scientific insights into activity types.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09526-6Urban landscape forests (ULFs)Behavioural patternsRecoveryPhysical and mental feedback
spellingShingle Linjia Wu
Sirui Song
Yunlong Pan
Junyang Liu
Xin Zeng
Zongyuan Lu
Qibing Chen
Study on the restorative benefits of four behavioural patterns of urban landscape forests under seasonal change
Scientific Reports
Urban landscape forests (ULFs)
Behavioural patterns
Recovery
Physical and mental feedback
title Study on the restorative benefits of four behavioural patterns of urban landscape forests under seasonal change
title_full Study on the restorative benefits of four behavioural patterns of urban landscape forests under seasonal change
title_fullStr Study on the restorative benefits of four behavioural patterns of urban landscape forests under seasonal change
title_full_unstemmed Study on the restorative benefits of four behavioural patterns of urban landscape forests under seasonal change
title_short Study on the restorative benefits of four behavioural patterns of urban landscape forests under seasonal change
title_sort study on the restorative benefits of four behavioural patterns of urban landscape forests under seasonal change
topic Urban landscape forests (ULFs)
Behavioural patterns
Recovery
Physical and mental feedback
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09526-6
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