Comparative antinociceptive and sedative effects of epidural romifidine and xylazine in dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius)
Abstract In this study, the pain-relieving and calming effects of giving romifidine and xylazine through an epidural in camels were compared. Twenty-one adult camels (9 non-pregnant females and 12 intact males) weighing between 400–450 kg were randomly divided into three equal groups. Each group rec...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04706-y |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849238550688563200 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohamed A. Hamed Ibrahim S. Zahran Alaa Samy Eman Fayad Hanadi A. Katouah Foad Farrag Mohamed M. A. Abumandour Adel Sobhy Ahmed A. Elolimy Ibrahim A. Okene Mustafa Shukry Magdy Elgioushy |
| author_facet | Mohamed A. Hamed Ibrahim S. Zahran Alaa Samy Eman Fayad Hanadi A. Katouah Foad Farrag Mohamed M. A. Abumandour Adel Sobhy Ahmed A. Elolimy Ibrahim A. Okene Mustafa Shukry Magdy Elgioushy |
| author_sort | Mohamed A. Hamed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In this study, the pain-relieving and calming effects of giving romifidine and xylazine through an epidural in camels were compared. Twenty-one adult camels (9 non-pregnant females and 12 intact males) weighing between 400–450 kg were randomly divided into three equal groups. Each group received one of the following treatments: an equal volume of sterile saline, 0.17 mg/kg of xylazine, or 50 g/kg of romifidine. All of the treatments were put directly into the sacrococcygeal space after being diluted in 0.9% sterile saline solution until the final volume was 20 ml. Before treatment and then at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min after administration, the perineal analgesia, sedation, and degree of ataxia were evaluated. At these same times, rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR), and respiration rate (RR) were simultaneously measured. Epidural administration of romifidine and xylazine resulted in varying degrees of sedation, ranging from mild to deep, alongside complete antinociception affecting the perineum, inguinal area, and flank. This effect extended distally to the coronary band of the hind limbs and cranially to the thoracic region. After romifidine, analgesia started more quickly than with xylazine (6 ± 1.05 vs. 14.17 ± 0.83). The duration of both antinociceptive for romifidine was substantially longer than that of xylazine (159 ± 6.38 vs. 63.33 ± 2.47). The onset time of sedation was substantially shorter after romifidine (6.8 ± 0.83 min) compared to xylazine (10.8 ± 0.83 min). Romifidine's sedative effect lasted longer than xylazine's (149.17 ± 4.16 vs. 108.33 ± 1.05 min). At every study measurement point, the romifidine and xylazine-treated groups showed negligible RT, HR, and RR changes. Conclusion: Romifidine or xylazine may be a reliable, durable, and economical method for epidural anesthesia in camels undergoing standing surgery, as romifidine has a faster onset and longer antinociceptive effect. Therefore, epidural romifidine could be a more effective treatment option for immediate postoperative pain. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6d769872b84f40baaca4d134dd9d2c5c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-6d769872b84f40baaca4d134dd9d2c5c2025-08-20T04:01:35ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482025-05-0121111010.1186/s12917-025-04706-yComparative antinociceptive and sedative effects of epidural romifidine and xylazine in dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius)Mohamed A. Hamed0Ibrahim S. Zahran1Alaa Samy2Eman Fayad3Hanadi A. Katouah4Foad Farrag5Mohamed M. A. Abumandour6Adel Sobhy7Ahmed A. Elolimy8Ibrahim A. Okene9Mustafa Shukry10Magdy Elgioushy11Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan UniversityDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan UniversityDepartment of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura UniversityDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif UniversityChemistry Department, College of Science, Umm Al-Qura UniversityDepartment of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh UniversityDepartment of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria UniversityDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour UniversityDepartment of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arabaq, Emirates UniversityVeterinary Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Men CampusDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh UniversityDepartment of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan UniversityAbstract In this study, the pain-relieving and calming effects of giving romifidine and xylazine through an epidural in camels were compared. Twenty-one adult camels (9 non-pregnant females and 12 intact males) weighing between 400–450 kg were randomly divided into three equal groups. Each group received one of the following treatments: an equal volume of sterile saline, 0.17 mg/kg of xylazine, or 50 g/kg of romifidine. All of the treatments were put directly into the sacrococcygeal space after being diluted in 0.9% sterile saline solution until the final volume was 20 ml. Before treatment and then at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min after administration, the perineal analgesia, sedation, and degree of ataxia were evaluated. At these same times, rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR), and respiration rate (RR) were simultaneously measured. Epidural administration of romifidine and xylazine resulted in varying degrees of sedation, ranging from mild to deep, alongside complete antinociception affecting the perineum, inguinal area, and flank. This effect extended distally to the coronary band of the hind limbs and cranially to the thoracic region. After romifidine, analgesia started more quickly than with xylazine (6 ± 1.05 vs. 14.17 ± 0.83). The duration of both antinociceptive for romifidine was substantially longer than that of xylazine (159 ± 6.38 vs. 63.33 ± 2.47). The onset time of sedation was substantially shorter after romifidine (6.8 ± 0.83 min) compared to xylazine (10.8 ± 0.83 min). Romifidine's sedative effect lasted longer than xylazine's (149.17 ± 4.16 vs. 108.33 ± 1.05 min). At every study measurement point, the romifidine and xylazine-treated groups showed negligible RT, HR, and RR changes. Conclusion: Romifidine or xylazine may be a reliable, durable, and economical method for epidural anesthesia in camels undergoing standing surgery, as romifidine has a faster onset and longer antinociceptive effect. Therefore, epidural romifidine could be a more effective treatment option for immediate postoperative pain.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04706-yAnti-nociceptionCamelus dromedariesEpiduralRomifidineXylazineSedation |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed A. Hamed Ibrahim S. Zahran Alaa Samy Eman Fayad Hanadi A. Katouah Foad Farrag Mohamed M. A. Abumandour Adel Sobhy Ahmed A. Elolimy Ibrahim A. Okene Mustafa Shukry Magdy Elgioushy Comparative antinociceptive and sedative effects of epidural romifidine and xylazine in dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) BMC Veterinary Research Anti-nociception Camelus dromedaries Epidural Romifidine Xylazine Sedation |
| title | Comparative antinociceptive and sedative effects of epidural romifidine and xylazine in dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) |
| title_full | Comparative antinociceptive and sedative effects of epidural romifidine and xylazine in dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) |
| title_fullStr | Comparative antinociceptive and sedative effects of epidural romifidine and xylazine in dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative antinociceptive and sedative effects of epidural romifidine and xylazine in dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) |
| title_short | Comparative antinociceptive and sedative effects of epidural romifidine and xylazine in dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) |
| title_sort | comparative antinociceptive and sedative effects of epidural romifidine and xylazine in dromedary camels camelus dromedarius |
| topic | Anti-nociception Camelus dromedaries Epidural Romifidine Xylazine Sedation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04706-y |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohamedahamed comparativeantinociceptiveandsedativeeffectsofepiduralromifidineandxylazineindromedarycamelscamelusdromedarius AT ibrahimszahran comparativeantinociceptiveandsedativeeffectsofepiduralromifidineandxylazineindromedarycamelscamelusdromedarius AT alaasamy comparativeantinociceptiveandsedativeeffectsofepiduralromifidineandxylazineindromedarycamelscamelusdromedarius AT emanfayad comparativeantinociceptiveandsedativeeffectsofepiduralromifidineandxylazineindromedarycamelscamelusdromedarius AT hanadiakatouah comparativeantinociceptiveandsedativeeffectsofepiduralromifidineandxylazineindromedarycamelscamelusdromedarius AT foadfarrag comparativeantinociceptiveandsedativeeffectsofepiduralromifidineandxylazineindromedarycamelscamelusdromedarius AT mohamedmaabumandour comparativeantinociceptiveandsedativeeffectsofepiduralromifidineandxylazineindromedarycamelscamelusdromedarius AT adelsobhy comparativeantinociceptiveandsedativeeffectsofepiduralromifidineandxylazineindromedarycamelscamelusdromedarius AT ahmedaelolimy comparativeantinociceptiveandsedativeeffectsofepiduralromifidineandxylazineindromedarycamelscamelusdromedarius AT ibrahimaokene comparativeantinociceptiveandsedativeeffectsofepiduralromifidineandxylazineindromedarycamelscamelusdromedarius AT mustafashukry comparativeantinociceptiveandsedativeeffectsofepiduralromifidineandxylazineindromedarycamelscamelusdromedarius AT magdyelgioushy comparativeantinociceptiveandsedativeeffectsofepiduralromifidineandxylazineindromedarycamelscamelusdromedarius |