Partial Order Ranking of the Key Drivers of Grassland Conversion in the Urban–Grassland Interface: A Case Study of the Hohhot–Baotou–Ordos Region

Identifying and ranking the key drivers of grassland conversion at the county level is crucial for developing targeted policies and improving protection efficiency. However, this process faces methodological challenges because of spatial and temporal variability. Partial order theory offers a robust...

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Main Authors: Xuemei Li, Chang An, Batunacun, Yu Feng, Kaixin Liu, Yong Mei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/5906
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author Xuemei Li
Chang An
Batunacun
Yu Feng
Kaixin Liu
Yong Mei
author_facet Xuemei Li
Chang An
Batunacun
Yu Feng
Kaixin Liu
Yong Mei
author_sort Xuemei Li
collection DOAJ
description Identifying and ranking the key drivers of grassland conversion at the county level is crucial for developing targeted policies and improving protection efficiency. However, this process faces methodological challenges because of spatial and temporal variability. Partial order theory offers a robust framework for addressing these complexities. This study applies partial order theory (POT) combined with the Hasse diagram technique (HDT) to analyze grassland conversion in the Hohhot–Baotou–Ordos region during two time periods (2000–2010 and 2010–2020). First, patterns of grassland transformation are quantified, and the dominant driving factors of grassland conversion out (GCO) are identified and ranked, highlighting regional differences and temporal shifts. By integrating POT and HDT, this study offers a novel approach to handling complex, nonlinear, and hierarchical relationships among multiple drivers. The results provide scientific insight and policy recommendations for region-specific grassland management and sustainable land-use planning. The results show that (1) transitions between grasslands and other land-use types became more frequent across the two periods. Specifically, the rates of grassland conversion out and conversion increased from 2.1% and 3.5% during the period 2000–2010 to 4.7% and 4.8% during the period 2010–2020, respectively. (2) Urbanization was the primary driver of grassland conversion in 11 and 10 of the 18 counties during the first and second periods, respectively, followed by factors related to weather variables. (3) In the future, the eastern region of the study area needs to prioritize mitigating the impacts of urban development, while the western region should focus on enhancing ecological construction projects. This study recommends adopting region-specific ecological protection and economic strategies for balanced outcomes in conservation and development.
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institution Kabale University
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spelling doaj-art-6d75f0d4cd98470caddb18f05a36b1632025-08-20T03:46:47ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-011511590610.3390/app15115906Partial Order Ranking of the Key Drivers of Grassland Conversion in the Urban–Grassland Interface: A Case Study of the Hohhot–Baotou–Ordos RegionXuemei Li0Chang An1Batunacun2Yu Feng3Kaixin Liu4Yong Mei5College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010028, ChinaCollege of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010028, ChinaCollege of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010028, ChinaCollege of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010028, ChinaCollege of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010028, ChinaCollege of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010028, ChinaIdentifying and ranking the key drivers of grassland conversion at the county level is crucial for developing targeted policies and improving protection efficiency. However, this process faces methodological challenges because of spatial and temporal variability. Partial order theory offers a robust framework for addressing these complexities. This study applies partial order theory (POT) combined with the Hasse diagram technique (HDT) to analyze grassland conversion in the Hohhot–Baotou–Ordos region during two time periods (2000–2010 and 2010–2020). First, patterns of grassland transformation are quantified, and the dominant driving factors of grassland conversion out (GCO) are identified and ranked, highlighting regional differences and temporal shifts. By integrating POT and HDT, this study offers a novel approach to handling complex, nonlinear, and hierarchical relationships among multiple drivers. The results provide scientific insight and policy recommendations for region-specific grassland management and sustainable land-use planning. The results show that (1) transitions between grasslands and other land-use types became more frequent across the two periods. Specifically, the rates of grassland conversion out and conversion increased from 2.1% and 3.5% during the period 2000–2010 to 4.7% and 4.8% during the period 2010–2020, respectively. (2) Urbanization was the primary driver of grassland conversion in 11 and 10 of the 18 counties during the first and second periods, respectively, followed by factors related to weather variables. (3) In the future, the eastern region of the study area needs to prioritize mitigating the impacts of urban development, while the western region should focus on enhancing ecological construction projects. This study recommends adopting region-specific ecological protection and economic strategies for balanced outcomes in conservation and development.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/5906grassland conversionpartial orderrankingdriver
spellingShingle Xuemei Li
Chang An
Batunacun
Yu Feng
Kaixin Liu
Yong Mei
Partial Order Ranking of the Key Drivers of Grassland Conversion in the Urban–Grassland Interface: A Case Study of the Hohhot–Baotou–Ordos Region
Applied Sciences
grassland conversion
partial order
ranking
driver
title Partial Order Ranking of the Key Drivers of Grassland Conversion in the Urban–Grassland Interface: A Case Study of the Hohhot–Baotou–Ordos Region
title_full Partial Order Ranking of the Key Drivers of Grassland Conversion in the Urban–Grassland Interface: A Case Study of the Hohhot–Baotou–Ordos Region
title_fullStr Partial Order Ranking of the Key Drivers of Grassland Conversion in the Urban–Grassland Interface: A Case Study of the Hohhot–Baotou–Ordos Region
title_full_unstemmed Partial Order Ranking of the Key Drivers of Grassland Conversion in the Urban–Grassland Interface: A Case Study of the Hohhot–Baotou–Ordos Region
title_short Partial Order Ranking of the Key Drivers of Grassland Conversion in the Urban–Grassland Interface: A Case Study of the Hohhot–Baotou–Ordos Region
title_sort partial order ranking of the key drivers of grassland conversion in the urban grassland interface a case study of the hohhot baotou ordos region
topic grassland conversion
partial order
ranking
driver
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/5906
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