Aedes aegypti VLG-1 challenges the assumed antiviral nature of Vago genes

Abstract Background Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) such as dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) pose a significant threat to global health. Novel approaches to control the spread of arboviruses focus on harnessing the antiviral immune system of their primary vector, the Aedes aegypti mos...

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Main Authors: Elodie Couderc, Anna B. Crist, Josquin Daron, Hugo Varet, Femke A. H. van Hout, Pascal Miesen, Umberto Palatini, Stéphanie Dabo, Thomas Vial, Louis Lambrechts, Sarah H. Merkling
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-025-02325-5
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author Elodie Couderc
Anna B. Crist
Josquin Daron
Hugo Varet
Femke A. H. van Hout
Pascal Miesen
Umberto Palatini
Stéphanie Dabo
Thomas Vial
Louis Lambrechts
Sarah H. Merkling
author_facet Elodie Couderc
Anna B. Crist
Josquin Daron
Hugo Varet
Femke A. H. van Hout
Pascal Miesen
Umberto Palatini
Stéphanie Dabo
Thomas Vial
Louis Lambrechts
Sarah H. Merkling
author_sort Elodie Couderc
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) such as dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) pose a significant threat to global health. Novel approaches to control the spread of arboviruses focus on harnessing the antiviral immune system of their primary vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito. In arthropods, genes of the Vago family are often presented as analogs of mammalian cytokines with potential antiviral functions, but the role of Vago genes upon virus infection in Ae. aegypti is largely unknown. Results We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the Vago gene family in Diptera, which led us to focus on a Vago-like gene that we named VLG-1. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, we generated a VLG-1 mutant line of Ae. aegypti, which revealed a broad impact of VLG-1 on the mosquito transcriptome, affecting several biological processes potentially related to viral replication, including the oxidative stress response. Surprisingly, experimental viral challenge of the VLG-1 mutant line indicated a modest proviral role for this gene during DENV and ZIKV infections in vivo. In the absence of VLG-1, virus dissemination throughout the mosquito’s body was slightly impaired, albeit not altering virus transmission rates. Conclusions Our results challenge the conventional understanding of Vago-like genes as antiviral factors and underscore the need for further in vivo research to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying mosquito-arbovirus interactions.
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spelling doaj-art-6d71e62d1d5847ce9d863a096418e95d2025-08-20T03:46:29ZengBMCBMC Biology1741-70072025-07-0123111910.1186/s12915-025-02325-5Aedes aegypti VLG-1 challenges the assumed antiviral nature of Vago genesElodie Couderc0Anna B. Crist1Josquin Daron2Hugo Varet3Femke A. H. van Hout4Pascal Miesen5Umberto Palatini6Stéphanie Dabo7Thomas Vial8Louis Lambrechts9Sarah H. Merkling10Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions UnitInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions UnitInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions UnitBioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris CitéDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical CenterDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical CenterInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions UnitInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions UnitInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions UnitInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions UnitInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions UnitAbstract Background Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) such as dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) pose a significant threat to global health. Novel approaches to control the spread of arboviruses focus on harnessing the antiviral immune system of their primary vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito. In arthropods, genes of the Vago family are often presented as analogs of mammalian cytokines with potential antiviral functions, but the role of Vago genes upon virus infection in Ae. aegypti is largely unknown. Results We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the Vago gene family in Diptera, which led us to focus on a Vago-like gene that we named VLG-1. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, we generated a VLG-1 mutant line of Ae. aegypti, which revealed a broad impact of VLG-1 on the mosquito transcriptome, affecting several biological processes potentially related to viral replication, including the oxidative stress response. Surprisingly, experimental viral challenge of the VLG-1 mutant line indicated a modest proviral role for this gene during DENV and ZIKV infections in vivo. In the absence of VLG-1, virus dissemination throughout the mosquito’s body was slightly impaired, albeit not altering virus transmission rates. Conclusions Our results challenge the conventional understanding of Vago-like genes as antiviral factors and underscore the need for further in vivo research to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying mosquito-arbovirus interactions.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-025-02325-5Aedes aegyptiVagoFlavivirusDengue virusVector competenceAntiviral factor
spellingShingle Elodie Couderc
Anna B. Crist
Josquin Daron
Hugo Varet
Femke A. H. van Hout
Pascal Miesen
Umberto Palatini
Stéphanie Dabo
Thomas Vial
Louis Lambrechts
Sarah H. Merkling
Aedes aegypti VLG-1 challenges the assumed antiviral nature of Vago genes
BMC Biology
Aedes aegypti
Vago
Flavivirus
Dengue virus
Vector competence
Antiviral factor
title Aedes aegypti VLG-1 challenges the assumed antiviral nature of Vago genes
title_full Aedes aegypti VLG-1 challenges the assumed antiviral nature of Vago genes
title_fullStr Aedes aegypti VLG-1 challenges the assumed antiviral nature of Vago genes
title_full_unstemmed Aedes aegypti VLG-1 challenges the assumed antiviral nature of Vago genes
title_short Aedes aegypti VLG-1 challenges the assumed antiviral nature of Vago genes
title_sort aedes aegypti vlg 1 challenges the assumed antiviral nature of vago genes
topic Aedes aegypti
Vago
Flavivirus
Dengue virus
Vector competence
Antiviral factor
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-025-02325-5
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