Overcoming the trade-off between conductivity and strength in copper alloys through undercooling

Abstract With the continuous development of high-performance copper alloys in modern industries, it becomes increasingly challenging to further enhance their conductivities. The key bottleneck is the existence of an upper limit on the amount of precipitation, leading to inadequate purification of th...

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Main Authors: Bowen Zhang, Pingda Xu, Jinyun Wang, Zhenyu Hong, Weili Wang, Fuping Dai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60346-8
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author Bowen Zhang
Pingda Xu
Jinyun Wang
Zhenyu Hong
Weili Wang
Fuping Dai
author_facet Bowen Zhang
Pingda Xu
Jinyun Wang
Zhenyu Hong
Weili Wang
Fuping Dai
author_sort Bowen Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract With the continuous development of high-performance copper alloys in modern industries, it becomes increasingly challenging to further enhance their conductivities. The key bottleneck is the existence of an upper limit on the amount of precipitation, leading to inadequate purification of the copper matrix. Here we demonstrate a phenomenon of significant conductivity enhancement in a Cu-Be alloy through undercooling. It shows that lots of spherical Be-rich clusters can spontaneously form in the deeply undercooled alloy. These clusters survive after subsequent solution treatment and are independent from the normal precipitates during aging, thereby leading to additional purification of the copper matrix. Under peak aging, the electrical conductivity of the undercooled alloy reaches up to 80% International Annealed Cu Standard, which is 30% higher than that of the same component alloy prepared in a conventional way, while its strength remains high. Our study provides an alternative way to address the long-standing strength-conductivity trade-off in copper alloys.
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issn 2041-1723
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
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spelling doaj-art-6d60f7f3c7924a7f8516bd2e7b64fefa2025-08-20T02:00:07ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-05-011611810.1038/s41467-025-60346-8Overcoming the trade-off between conductivity and strength in copper alloys through undercoolingBowen Zhang0Pingda Xu1Jinyun Wang2Zhenyu Hong3Weili Wang4Fuping Dai5School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversitySchool of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversitySchool of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversitySchool of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversitySchool of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversitySchool of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityAbstract With the continuous development of high-performance copper alloys in modern industries, it becomes increasingly challenging to further enhance their conductivities. The key bottleneck is the existence of an upper limit on the amount of precipitation, leading to inadequate purification of the copper matrix. Here we demonstrate a phenomenon of significant conductivity enhancement in a Cu-Be alloy through undercooling. It shows that lots of spherical Be-rich clusters can spontaneously form in the deeply undercooled alloy. These clusters survive after subsequent solution treatment and are independent from the normal precipitates during aging, thereby leading to additional purification of the copper matrix. Under peak aging, the electrical conductivity of the undercooled alloy reaches up to 80% International Annealed Cu Standard, which is 30% higher than that of the same component alloy prepared in a conventional way, while its strength remains high. Our study provides an alternative way to address the long-standing strength-conductivity trade-off in copper alloys.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60346-8
spellingShingle Bowen Zhang
Pingda Xu
Jinyun Wang
Zhenyu Hong
Weili Wang
Fuping Dai
Overcoming the trade-off between conductivity and strength in copper alloys through undercooling
Nature Communications
title Overcoming the trade-off between conductivity and strength in copper alloys through undercooling
title_full Overcoming the trade-off between conductivity and strength in copper alloys through undercooling
title_fullStr Overcoming the trade-off between conductivity and strength in copper alloys through undercooling
title_full_unstemmed Overcoming the trade-off between conductivity and strength in copper alloys through undercooling
title_short Overcoming the trade-off between conductivity and strength in copper alloys through undercooling
title_sort overcoming the trade off between conductivity and strength in copper alloys through undercooling
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60346-8
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AT zhenyuhong overcomingthetradeoffbetweenconductivityandstrengthincopperalloysthroughundercooling
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