Investigation into the Production of Melanin from By-Products of Huangjiu Brewing

Melanin is a high value bioproduct generated through the fermentation of <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i>, playing a crucial role in various fields, including food, medicine, environmental protection, and materials science. However, its high production costs and low synthetic yields signif...

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Main Authors: Congyu Lin, Peiqi Lu, Jingqiu Ma, Tao Kan, Xiao Han, Shuangping Liu, Zhongwei Ji, Jian Mao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/19/3063
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author Congyu Lin
Peiqi Lu
Jingqiu Ma
Tao Kan
Xiao Han
Shuangping Liu
Zhongwei Ji
Jian Mao
author_facet Congyu Lin
Peiqi Lu
Jingqiu Ma
Tao Kan
Xiao Han
Shuangping Liu
Zhongwei Ji
Jian Mao
author_sort Congyu Lin
collection DOAJ
description Melanin is a high value bioproduct generated through the fermentation of <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i>, playing a crucial role in various fields, including food, medicine, environmental protection, and materials science. However, its high production costs and low synthetic yields significantly limit its applications. Therefore, it is essential to identify high-yield strains, reduce production costs, and optimize fermentation strategies. In this study, a high melanin-yielding <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i> 53LC7 was screened and identified, and the fermentation process was optimized based on melanin yield, color value, and pullulan yield. The results indicated that the melanin yield peaked at an initial pH of 6.0, temperature of 27 °C, fermentation time of 6.5 d, and inoculation quantity of 2.5%, achieving a melanin yield of 16.33 g/L. Subsequently, huangjiu lees, a byproduct of huangjiu production, was incorporated into the fermentation medium, resulting in a melanin yield of 5.91 g/L. This suggests that the <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i> was not effectively utilizing huangjiu lees. To address this, we employed an adaptive evolution strategy, which increased the melanin yield to 8.72 g/L. The enhanced production was correlated with the expression of key genes, including <i>FKS</i>, <i>PKS</i>, and <i>Cmr1</i>. Finally, cellulase was utilized to convert the crude fibers in huangjiu lees, which were difficult to utilize, into usable substrates, while pullulanase was employed to minimize byproduct formation in the fermentation system, resulting in a melanin yield of 19.07 g/L. This study not only provides promising strains for further research but also offers valuable insights for resource production technologies.
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spelling doaj-art-6d45c1fcef2d44d3a509dc16d0fb26772025-08-20T02:16:50ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-09-011319306310.3390/foods13193063Investigation into the Production of Melanin from By-Products of Huangjiu BrewingCongyu Lin0Peiqi Lu1Jingqiu Ma2Tao Kan3Xiao Han4Shuangping Liu5Zhongwei Ji6Jian Mao7School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaJiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing 312000, ChinaJiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing 312000, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaMelanin is a high value bioproduct generated through the fermentation of <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i>, playing a crucial role in various fields, including food, medicine, environmental protection, and materials science. However, its high production costs and low synthetic yields significantly limit its applications. Therefore, it is essential to identify high-yield strains, reduce production costs, and optimize fermentation strategies. In this study, a high melanin-yielding <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i> 53LC7 was screened and identified, and the fermentation process was optimized based on melanin yield, color value, and pullulan yield. The results indicated that the melanin yield peaked at an initial pH of 6.0, temperature of 27 °C, fermentation time of 6.5 d, and inoculation quantity of 2.5%, achieving a melanin yield of 16.33 g/L. Subsequently, huangjiu lees, a byproduct of huangjiu production, was incorporated into the fermentation medium, resulting in a melanin yield of 5.91 g/L. This suggests that the <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i> was not effectively utilizing huangjiu lees. To address this, we employed an adaptive evolution strategy, which increased the melanin yield to 8.72 g/L. The enhanced production was correlated with the expression of key genes, including <i>FKS</i>, <i>PKS</i>, and <i>Cmr1</i>. Finally, cellulase was utilized to convert the crude fibers in huangjiu lees, which were difficult to utilize, into usable substrates, while pullulanase was employed to minimize byproduct formation in the fermentation system, resulting in a melanin yield of 19.07 g/L. This study not only provides promising strains for further research but also offers valuable insights for resource production technologies.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/19/3063<i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i>melaninpullulanhuangjiu leesresource utilization
spellingShingle Congyu Lin
Peiqi Lu
Jingqiu Ma
Tao Kan
Xiao Han
Shuangping Liu
Zhongwei Ji
Jian Mao
Investigation into the Production of Melanin from By-Products of Huangjiu Brewing
Foods
<i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i>
melanin
pullulan
huangjiu lees
resource utilization
title Investigation into the Production of Melanin from By-Products of Huangjiu Brewing
title_full Investigation into the Production of Melanin from By-Products of Huangjiu Brewing
title_fullStr Investigation into the Production of Melanin from By-Products of Huangjiu Brewing
title_full_unstemmed Investigation into the Production of Melanin from By-Products of Huangjiu Brewing
title_short Investigation into the Production of Melanin from By-Products of Huangjiu Brewing
title_sort investigation into the production of melanin from by products of huangjiu brewing
topic <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i>
melanin
pullulan
huangjiu lees
resource utilization
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/19/3063
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