Catalytic degradation of norfloxacin using persulfate activation by Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide catalyst supported on activated carbon

Abstract This study investigated the catalytic degradation of Norfloxacin (NOR), a persistent fluoroquinolone antibiotic, using a novel Ni-Fe Layered Double Hydroxide supported on Activated Carbon (NiFe-LDH@AC) as a catalyst. The composite was designed to activate persulfate (PDS) and generate sulfa...

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Main Authors: Adel Adly, Mona M Galal, Minerva E Matta
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89106-w
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author Adel Adly
Mona M Galal
Minerva E Matta
author_facet Adel Adly
Mona M Galal
Minerva E Matta
author_sort Adel Adly
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study investigated the catalytic degradation of Norfloxacin (NOR), a persistent fluoroquinolone antibiotic, using a novel Ni-Fe Layered Double Hydroxide supported on Activated Carbon (NiFe-LDH@AC) as a catalyst. The composite was designed to activate persulfate (PDS) and generate sulfate radicals for NOR degradation in aqueous solutions. Characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, FTIR, and BET confirmed the successful synthesis and structural integrity of the composite. The optimal degradation was achieved with a NiFe-LDH@AC ratio of 2:1, 0.3 g/L catalyst dosage, and 1 g/L PDS, resulting in 86% NOR removal efficiency within 60 min at neutral pH and ambient temperature for an initial concentration of 50 mg/L, and 100% removal for initial concentrations of 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L under the same conditions. The activation energy of the reaction was calculated as 58.27 kJ/mol. Radical scavenging experiments identified sulfate (SO₄˙⁻) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals as the dominant reactive species, but the SO₄˙⁻ played a larger role. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibited good reusability, maintaining 75% degradation efficiency after four cycles, and showed minimal metal leaching. The study also proposed a mechanism for PDS activation using XPS analysis and suggested NOR degradation pathways through LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Moreover, the NiFe-LDH@AC/PDS system demonstrated 84% NOR degradation and 55% COD removal in real treated wastewater. Results demonstrated that the NiFe-LDH@AC composite effectively activated PDS, achieving high NOR removal efficiency, making it a promising sustainable material for wastewater treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-6d434a0638114d9c8ba4b2edf939a2582025-08-20T02:12:58ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111810.1038/s41598-025-89106-wCatalytic degradation of norfloxacin using persulfate activation by Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide catalyst supported on activated carbonAdel Adly0Mona M Galal1Minerva E Matta2Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Division, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo UniversitySanitary and Environmental Engineering Division, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo UniversitySanitary and Environmental Engineering Division, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo UniversityAbstract This study investigated the catalytic degradation of Norfloxacin (NOR), a persistent fluoroquinolone antibiotic, using a novel Ni-Fe Layered Double Hydroxide supported on Activated Carbon (NiFe-LDH@AC) as a catalyst. The composite was designed to activate persulfate (PDS) and generate sulfate radicals for NOR degradation in aqueous solutions. Characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, FTIR, and BET confirmed the successful synthesis and structural integrity of the composite. The optimal degradation was achieved with a NiFe-LDH@AC ratio of 2:1, 0.3 g/L catalyst dosage, and 1 g/L PDS, resulting in 86% NOR removal efficiency within 60 min at neutral pH and ambient temperature for an initial concentration of 50 mg/L, and 100% removal for initial concentrations of 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L under the same conditions. The activation energy of the reaction was calculated as 58.27 kJ/mol. Radical scavenging experiments identified sulfate (SO₄˙⁻) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals as the dominant reactive species, but the SO₄˙⁻ played a larger role. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibited good reusability, maintaining 75% degradation efficiency after four cycles, and showed minimal metal leaching. The study also proposed a mechanism for PDS activation using XPS analysis and suggested NOR degradation pathways through LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Moreover, the NiFe-LDH@AC/PDS system demonstrated 84% NOR degradation and 55% COD removal in real treated wastewater. Results demonstrated that the NiFe-LDH@AC composite effectively activated PDS, achieving high NOR removal efficiency, making it a promising sustainable material for wastewater treatment.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89106-wAdvanced oxidation processNorfloxacin degradationPersulfate activationSulfate radicalsWastewater treatmentNiFe-LDH@AC composite
spellingShingle Adel Adly
Mona M Galal
Minerva E Matta
Catalytic degradation of norfloxacin using persulfate activation by Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide catalyst supported on activated carbon
Scientific Reports
Advanced oxidation process
Norfloxacin degradation
Persulfate activation
Sulfate radicals
Wastewater treatment
NiFe-LDH@AC composite
title Catalytic degradation of norfloxacin using persulfate activation by Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide catalyst supported on activated carbon
title_full Catalytic degradation of norfloxacin using persulfate activation by Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide catalyst supported on activated carbon
title_fullStr Catalytic degradation of norfloxacin using persulfate activation by Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide catalyst supported on activated carbon
title_full_unstemmed Catalytic degradation of norfloxacin using persulfate activation by Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide catalyst supported on activated carbon
title_short Catalytic degradation of norfloxacin using persulfate activation by Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide catalyst supported on activated carbon
title_sort catalytic degradation of norfloxacin using persulfate activation by ni fe layered double hydroxide catalyst supported on activated carbon
topic Advanced oxidation process
Norfloxacin degradation
Persulfate activation
Sulfate radicals
Wastewater treatment
NiFe-LDH@AC composite
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89106-w
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AT minervaematta catalyticdegradationofnorfloxacinusingpersulfateactivationbynifelayereddoublehydroxidecatalystsupportedonactivatedcarbon