Impact of dual active ingredients long-lasting insecticidal nets on the genetic structure of insecticide resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae in Southern Benin
Abstract Background Insecticide resistance amongst vector populations is a major challenge, exacerbated by the continued use of the same active ingredients. The present study assessed the impact of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) bi-treated with chlorfenapyr-alphacypermethrin (PY-CFP LLIN) or...
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BMC
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05308-7 |
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| author | Boulais Yovogan Armel Djènontin Martin C. Akogbéto Arthur Sovi Constantin J. Adoha Arsène Fassinou Albert S. Salako Esdras M. Odjo Landry Assongba Manfred Accrombessi Edouard Dangbénon Bénoît S. Assogba Idelphonse Ahogni Antoine A. Missihoun Serge Akpodji Fiacre Agossa Roséric Azondékon Come Zinsou Koukpo Gil G. Padonou Corine Ngufor Jackie Cook Natacha Protopopoff Louisa A. Messenger Clément Agbangla |
| author_facet | Boulais Yovogan Armel Djènontin Martin C. Akogbéto Arthur Sovi Constantin J. Adoha Arsène Fassinou Albert S. Salako Esdras M. Odjo Landry Assongba Manfred Accrombessi Edouard Dangbénon Bénoît S. Assogba Idelphonse Ahogni Antoine A. Missihoun Serge Akpodji Fiacre Agossa Roséric Azondékon Come Zinsou Koukpo Gil G. Padonou Corine Ngufor Jackie Cook Natacha Protopopoff Louisa A. Messenger Clément Agbangla |
| author_sort | Boulais Yovogan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Insecticide resistance amongst vector populations is a major challenge, exacerbated by the continued use of the same active ingredients. The present study assessed the impact of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) bi-treated with chlorfenapyr-alphacypermethrin (PY-CFP LLIN) or pyriproxyfen-alphacypermethrin (PY-PPF LLIN) on the genetic structure of resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae in 60 clusters divided into three arms from three districts in southern Benin. Methods The study was conducted between September 2019 and October 2021 in 123 villages grouped in 60 clusters. Mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors using human landing catches (HLCs) in 4 households in each cluster every 3 months. After morphological identification, a subsample of An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) was analysed by PCR to detect the molecular species and the presence of L1014F vgsc-kdr and G119S-ace-1 mutations. Results Anopheles coluzzii (56.9%) and An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) (42.8%), with a few hybrids (0.2%), were identified within 4242 samples of An. gambiae tested. The frequency of L1014F vgsc-kdr decreased in An. coluzzii collected both indoors and outdoors locations in the PY-CFP LLIN and PY-PPF LLIN arms post-intervention compared to baseline. In An. gambiae, the frequency of the L1014F allele decreased in year one but increased above baseline in year 2. In both species, the allelic frequency of G119S-ace-1 was < 10%. For L1014F vgsc-kdr, the fixation index was positive (F IS > 0) in both species. However, it was negative (F IS < 0) for the presence of G119S-ace-1. Weak genetic differentiation, especially in the PY-PPF LLIN and PY-CFP LLIN arms (F ST ≤ 0.05), was observed in An. gambiae s.s. populations with L1014F vgsc-kdr, while it was generally higher for both species with G119S-ace-1. Conclusion The frequency of the L1014F vgsc-kdr resistance allele was high, while that of the G119S-ace-1 allele was low throughout the study period. Consistent changes in allele frequencies were not observed in any of the treatment arms suggesting that the pyrethroid component of dual AI (active ingredients) nets continues to select for the resistant allele and there is little if any evidence that the non-pyrethroid insecticide selects for the wild-type kdr allele. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6d0668d58a494be0a7988e79ce58ece2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-6d0668d58a494be0a7988e79ce58ece22025-08-20T01:57:44ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752025-03-0124111510.1186/s12936-025-05308-7Impact of dual active ingredients long-lasting insecticidal nets on the genetic structure of insecticide resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae in Southern BeninBoulais Yovogan0Armel Djènontin1Martin C. Akogbéto2Arthur Sovi3Constantin J. Adoha4Arsène Fassinou5Albert S. Salako6Esdras M. Odjo7Landry Assongba8Manfred Accrombessi9Edouard Dangbénon10Bénoît S. Assogba11Idelphonse Ahogni12Antoine A. Missihoun13Serge Akpodji14Fiacre Agossa15Roséric Azondékon16Come Zinsou Koukpo17Gil G. Padonou18Corine Ngufor19Jackie Cook20Natacha Protopopoff21Louisa A. Messenger22Clément Agbangla23Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l’Université d’Abomey-CalaviFaculté des Sciences et Techniques de l’Université d’Abomey-CalaviCentre de Recherche Entomologique de CotonouCentre de Recherche Entomologique de CotonouFaculté des Sciences et Techniques de l’Université d’Abomey-CalaviCentre de Recherche Entomologique de CotonouCentre de Recherche Entomologique de CotonouFaculté des Sciences et Techniques de l’Université d’Abomey-CalaviCentre de Recherche Entomologique de CotonouFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineCentre de Recherche Entomologique de CotonouDisease Control and Elimination Theme (DCE), Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRCG-LSHTM)Centre de Recherche Entomologique de CotonouFaculté des Sciences et Techniques de l’Université d’Abomey-CalaviFaculté des Sciences et Techniques de l’Université d’Abomey-CalaviCentre de Recherche Entomologique de CotonouCentre de Recherche Entomologique de CotonouFaculté des Sciences et Techniques de l’Université d’Abomey-CalaviFaculté des Sciences et Techniques de l’Université d’Abomey-CalaviCentre de Recherche Entomologique de CotonouMedical Research Council (MRC) International Statistics and Epidemiology, Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineFaculté des Sciences et Techniques de l’Université d’Abomey-CalaviAbstract Background Insecticide resistance amongst vector populations is a major challenge, exacerbated by the continued use of the same active ingredients. The present study assessed the impact of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) bi-treated with chlorfenapyr-alphacypermethrin (PY-CFP LLIN) or pyriproxyfen-alphacypermethrin (PY-PPF LLIN) on the genetic structure of resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae in 60 clusters divided into three arms from three districts in southern Benin. Methods The study was conducted between September 2019 and October 2021 in 123 villages grouped in 60 clusters. Mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors using human landing catches (HLCs) in 4 households in each cluster every 3 months. After morphological identification, a subsample of An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) was analysed by PCR to detect the molecular species and the presence of L1014F vgsc-kdr and G119S-ace-1 mutations. Results Anopheles coluzzii (56.9%) and An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) (42.8%), with a few hybrids (0.2%), were identified within 4242 samples of An. gambiae tested. The frequency of L1014F vgsc-kdr decreased in An. coluzzii collected both indoors and outdoors locations in the PY-CFP LLIN and PY-PPF LLIN arms post-intervention compared to baseline. In An. gambiae, the frequency of the L1014F allele decreased in year one but increased above baseline in year 2. In both species, the allelic frequency of G119S-ace-1 was < 10%. For L1014F vgsc-kdr, the fixation index was positive (F IS > 0) in both species. However, it was negative (F IS < 0) for the presence of G119S-ace-1. Weak genetic differentiation, especially in the PY-PPF LLIN and PY-CFP LLIN arms (F ST ≤ 0.05), was observed in An. gambiae s.s. populations with L1014F vgsc-kdr, while it was generally higher for both species with G119S-ace-1. Conclusion The frequency of the L1014F vgsc-kdr resistance allele was high, while that of the G119S-ace-1 allele was low throughout the study period. Consistent changes in allele frequencies were not observed in any of the treatment arms suggesting that the pyrethroid component of dual AI (active ingredients) nets continues to select for the resistant allele and there is little if any evidence that the non-pyrethroid insecticide selects for the wild-type kdr allele.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05308-7 |
| spellingShingle | Boulais Yovogan Armel Djènontin Martin C. Akogbéto Arthur Sovi Constantin J. Adoha Arsène Fassinou Albert S. Salako Esdras M. Odjo Landry Assongba Manfred Accrombessi Edouard Dangbénon Bénoît S. Assogba Idelphonse Ahogni Antoine A. Missihoun Serge Akpodji Fiacre Agossa Roséric Azondékon Come Zinsou Koukpo Gil G. Padonou Corine Ngufor Jackie Cook Natacha Protopopoff Louisa A. Messenger Clément Agbangla Impact of dual active ingredients long-lasting insecticidal nets on the genetic structure of insecticide resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae in Southern Benin Malaria Journal |
| title | Impact of dual active ingredients long-lasting insecticidal nets on the genetic structure of insecticide resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae in Southern Benin |
| title_full | Impact of dual active ingredients long-lasting insecticidal nets on the genetic structure of insecticide resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae in Southern Benin |
| title_fullStr | Impact of dual active ingredients long-lasting insecticidal nets on the genetic structure of insecticide resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae in Southern Benin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of dual active ingredients long-lasting insecticidal nets on the genetic structure of insecticide resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae in Southern Benin |
| title_short | Impact of dual active ingredients long-lasting insecticidal nets on the genetic structure of insecticide resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae in Southern Benin |
| title_sort | impact of dual active ingredients long lasting insecticidal nets on the genetic structure of insecticide resistant populations of anopheles gambiae in southern benin |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05308-7 |
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