The synergistic impact of Spirulina and Sulfate reducing bacteria on lettuce growth in Cadmium contaminated soil

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a critical environmental issue, adversely affecting plant growth and agricultural productivity. While numerous studies have explored the role of various bacteria in mitigating heavy metal toxicity, the specific impacts of sulfate-reducing bacteria ( Desulfovibr...

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Main Authors: Maryam Seifikalhor, Mojgan Latifi, Neda Nasiri Almanghadim, Zahra Akbar-Tajari, Anahita Ahangir, Seyedeh Batool Hassani, Neda Soltani, Hossein Sadeghi, Elyas Eghbal, Zahra Fallahi, Nazim S. Gruda
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85996-y
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author Maryam Seifikalhor
Mojgan Latifi
Neda Nasiri Almanghadim
Zahra Akbar-Tajari
Anahita Ahangir
Seyedeh Batool Hassani
Neda Soltani
Hossein Sadeghi
Elyas Eghbal
Zahra Fallahi
Nazim S. Gruda
author_facet Maryam Seifikalhor
Mojgan Latifi
Neda Nasiri Almanghadim
Zahra Akbar-Tajari
Anahita Ahangir
Seyedeh Batool Hassani
Neda Soltani
Hossein Sadeghi
Elyas Eghbal
Zahra Fallahi
Nazim S. Gruda
author_sort Maryam Seifikalhor
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a critical environmental issue, adversely affecting plant growth and agricultural productivity. While numerous studies have explored the role of various bacteria in mitigating heavy metal toxicity, the specific impacts of sulfate-reducing bacteria ( Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, SRB) and the cyanobacterium Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis, SP), both individually and in combination, on Cd-contaminated plants remain underexplored. This study investigates the effects of SRB and SP on lettuce plants exposed to Cd contamination, aiming to enhance our understanding of their potential in alleviating Cd toxicity and promoting plant health. Results revealed that Cd contamination significantly reduced root growth in all treatments except for the combined application of SRB and SP. This combination also led to a marked decrease in leaf Cd content and improved leaf area, particularly under Cd stress. Furthermore, SP and SRB together increased the relative water content in contaminated soils, and SRB alone induced hydrogen peroxide production in non-contaminated soils. The co-application of SRB and SP significantly boosted catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, enhancing photosynthetic capacity and overall plant growth under Cd stress. These findings underscore the promising potential of using SRB and SP synergistically to mitigate Cd-induced challenges in lettuce cultivation, offering a viable strategy to improve crop productivity in contaminated environments.
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spelling doaj-art-6cda7c7420bf4a8aae4920b0a7f95cac2025-08-20T03:10:51ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-85996-yThe synergistic impact of Spirulina and Sulfate reducing bacteria on lettuce growth in Cadmium contaminated soilMaryam Seifikalhor0Mojgan Latifi1Neda Nasiri Almanghadim2Zahra Akbar-Tajari3Anahita Ahangir4Seyedeh Batool Hassani5Neda Soltani6Hossein Sadeghi7Elyas Eghbal8Zahra Fallahi9Nazim S. Gruda10Department of Molecular Physiology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti UniversityDepartment of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti UniversityDepartment of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti UniversityDepartment of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti UniversityDepartment of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti UniversityDepartment of Petroleum Microbiology, Research Institute of Applied Science, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid beheshti UniversityDepartment of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of TehranDepartment of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of TehranInstitute of Plant Sciences and Resource Conservation, Division of Horticultural Sciences, University of BonnAbstract Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a critical environmental issue, adversely affecting plant growth and agricultural productivity. While numerous studies have explored the role of various bacteria in mitigating heavy metal toxicity, the specific impacts of sulfate-reducing bacteria ( Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, SRB) and the cyanobacterium Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis, SP), both individually and in combination, on Cd-contaminated plants remain underexplored. This study investigates the effects of SRB and SP on lettuce plants exposed to Cd contamination, aiming to enhance our understanding of their potential in alleviating Cd toxicity and promoting plant health. Results revealed that Cd contamination significantly reduced root growth in all treatments except for the combined application of SRB and SP. This combination also led to a marked decrease in leaf Cd content and improved leaf area, particularly under Cd stress. Furthermore, SP and SRB together increased the relative water content in contaminated soils, and SRB alone induced hydrogen peroxide production in non-contaminated soils. The co-application of SRB and SP significantly boosted catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, enhancing photosynthetic capacity and overall plant growth under Cd stress. These findings underscore the promising potential of using SRB and SP synergistically to mitigate Cd-induced challenges in lettuce cultivation, offering a viable strategy to improve crop productivity in contaminated environments.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85996-yAgricultural productivityContaminationDetrimental effectsHeavy metalPhotosynthetic capacityPlant growth
spellingShingle Maryam Seifikalhor
Mojgan Latifi
Neda Nasiri Almanghadim
Zahra Akbar-Tajari
Anahita Ahangir
Seyedeh Batool Hassani
Neda Soltani
Hossein Sadeghi
Elyas Eghbal
Zahra Fallahi
Nazim S. Gruda
The synergistic impact of Spirulina and Sulfate reducing bacteria on lettuce growth in Cadmium contaminated soil
Scientific Reports
Agricultural productivity
Contamination
Detrimental effects
Heavy metal
Photosynthetic capacity
Plant growth
title The synergistic impact of Spirulina and Sulfate reducing bacteria on lettuce growth in Cadmium contaminated soil
title_full The synergistic impact of Spirulina and Sulfate reducing bacteria on lettuce growth in Cadmium contaminated soil
title_fullStr The synergistic impact of Spirulina and Sulfate reducing bacteria on lettuce growth in Cadmium contaminated soil
title_full_unstemmed The synergistic impact of Spirulina and Sulfate reducing bacteria on lettuce growth in Cadmium contaminated soil
title_short The synergistic impact of Spirulina and Sulfate reducing bacteria on lettuce growth in Cadmium contaminated soil
title_sort synergistic impact of spirulina and sulfate reducing bacteria on lettuce growth in cadmium contaminated soil
topic Agricultural productivity
Contamination
Detrimental effects
Heavy metal
Photosynthetic capacity
Plant growth
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85996-y
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