The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in Bahia, Brazil: A Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Post-Pandemic Trends
In recent years, the incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) has increased due to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. However, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic extends beyond mortality rates. Recent analyses suggest that the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 have significantly affecte...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-03-01
|
| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/389 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850277342712168448 |
|---|---|
| author | Káriton Magalhães Bronze Uener Ribeiro dos Santos Galileu Barbosa Costa Anaiá da Paixão Sevá Maíra Guimarães Kersul Cathianne Sacramento Pinto George Rego Albuquerque Ana Paula Melo Mariano Sandra Rocha Gadelha |
| author_facet | Káriton Magalhães Bronze Uener Ribeiro dos Santos Galileu Barbosa Costa Anaiá da Paixão Sevá Maíra Guimarães Kersul Cathianne Sacramento Pinto George Rego Albuquerque Ana Paula Melo Mariano Sandra Rocha Gadelha |
| author_sort | Káriton Magalhães Bronze |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, the incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) has increased due to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. However, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic extends beyond mortality rates. Recent analyses suggest that the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 have significantly affected the epidemiology of other key respiratory viruses, such as influenza virus (FLUV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinovirus (RV). These changes raise new questions about the dynamics and incidence of post-COVID-19 respiratory infections, as well as potential alterations in symptom profiles and clinical outcomes. In this study, we analyzed data from the Epidemiological Surveillance Information System of Respiratory Viral Agents (SIVEP-Gripe), established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, to examine the profile of SARI before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Our data reveal a distinct epidemiological pattern, with a significant decrease in FLUV notifications during the pandemic, accompanied by peaks in RSV and RV cases in late 2020. Additionally, there was a shift in the age distribution of RSV and other viral infections, with individuals infected during the pandemic being older than those infected before the pandemic. Interestingly, the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Bahia State resulted in a reduction in the frequency of symptoms associated with non-SARS-CoV-2 SARI, without altering clinical outcomes. Our findings suggest that the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 has contributed to a clinical and epidemiological shift, particularly for FLUV, RSV, and other viruses, marked by a reduction in symptoms such as fever, dyspnea, respiratory distress, and the need for ventilatory support. The underlying mechanisms driving these changes remain unclear. These insights are crucial for public health authorities and policymakers to refine surveillance strategies and enhance control measures for respiratory viruses, particularly those causing SARI. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6cd20bd9e6db4ae0bf22d48d350f4cf2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-6cd20bd9e6db4ae0bf22d48d350f4cf22025-08-20T01:49:55ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-03-0117338910.3390/v17030389The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in Bahia, Brazil: A Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Post-Pandemic TrendsKáriton Magalhães Bronze0Uener Ribeiro dos Santos1Galileu Barbosa Costa2Anaiá da Paixão Sevá3Maíra Guimarães Kersul4Cathianne Sacramento Pinto5George Rego Albuquerque6Ana Paula Melo Mariano7Sandra Rocha Gadelha8Laboratório de Farmacogenômica e Epidemiologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, BrazilFaculdade Ages de Medicina de Irecê, Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Rua Atacadão, Irecê 44900-000, Bahia, BrazilLaboratório de Farmacogenômica e Epidemiologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal (PPGCA), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal (PPGCA), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, BrazilSecretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador 45652-050, Bahia, BrazilLaboratório de Farmacogenômica e Epidemiologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, BrazilLaboratório de Farmacogenômica e Epidemiologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, BrazilLaboratório de Farmacogenômica e Epidemiologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, BrazilIn recent years, the incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) has increased due to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. However, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic extends beyond mortality rates. Recent analyses suggest that the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 have significantly affected the epidemiology of other key respiratory viruses, such as influenza virus (FLUV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinovirus (RV). These changes raise new questions about the dynamics and incidence of post-COVID-19 respiratory infections, as well as potential alterations in symptom profiles and clinical outcomes. In this study, we analyzed data from the Epidemiological Surveillance Information System of Respiratory Viral Agents (SIVEP-Gripe), established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, to examine the profile of SARI before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Our data reveal a distinct epidemiological pattern, with a significant decrease in FLUV notifications during the pandemic, accompanied by peaks in RSV and RV cases in late 2020. Additionally, there was a shift in the age distribution of RSV and other viral infections, with individuals infected during the pandemic being older than those infected before the pandemic. Interestingly, the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Bahia State resulted in a reduction in the frequency of symptoms associated with non-SARS-CoV-2 SARI, without altering clinical outcomes. Our findings suggest that the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 has contributed to a clinical and epidemiological shift, particularly for FLUV, RSV, and other viruses, marked by a reduction in symptoms such as fever, dyspnea, respiratory distress, and the need for ventilatory support. The underlying mechanisms driving these changes remain unclear. These insights are crucial for public health authorities and policymakers to refine surveillance strategies and enhance control measures for respiratory viruses, particularly those causing SARI.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/389SARS-CoV-2influenza virusrespiratory syncytial virusseasonalitysymptomsSARI |
| spellingShingle | Káriton Magalhães Bronze Uener Ribeiro dos Santos Galileu Barbosa Costa Anaiá da Paixão Sevá Maíra Guimarães Kersul Cathianne Sacramento Pinto George Rego Albuquerque Ana Paula Melo Mariano Sandra Rocha Gadelha The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in Bahia, Brazil: A Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Post-Pandemic Trends Viruses SARS-CoV-2 influenza virus respiratory syncytial virus seasonality symptoms SARI |
| title | The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in Bahia, Brazil: A Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Post-Pandemic Trends |
| title_full | The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in Bahia, Brazil: A Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Post-Pandemic Trends |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in Bahia, Brazil: A Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Post-Pandemic Trends |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in Bahia, Brazil: A Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Post-Pandemic Trends |
| title_short | The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in Bahia, Brazil: A Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Post-Pandemic Trends |
| title_sort | impact of the covid 19 pandemic on the clinical and epidemiological profile of severe acute respiratory infection in bahia brazil a comparative analysis of pre and post pandemic trends |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 influenza virus respiratory syncytial virus seasonality symptoms SARI |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/389 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT karitonmagalhaesbronze theimpactofthecovid19pandemicontheclinicalandepidemiologicalprofileofsevereacuterespiratoryinfectioninbahiabrazilacomparativeanalysisofpreandpostpandemictrends AT uenerribeirodossantos theimpactofthecovid19pandemicontheclinicalandepidemiologicalprofileofsevereacuterespiratoryinfectioninbahiabrazilacomparativeanalysisofpreandpostpandemictrends AT galileubarbosacosta theimpactofthecovid19pandemicontheclinicalandepidemiologicalprofileofsevereacuterespiratoryinfectioninbahiabrazilacomparativeanalysisofpreandpostpandemictrends AT anaiadapaixaoseva theimpactofthecovid19pandemicontheclinicalandepidemiologicalprofileofsevereacuterespiratoryinfectioninbahiabrazilacomparativeanalysisofpreandpostpandemictrends AT mairaguimaraeskersul theimpactofthecovid19pandemicontheclinicalandepidemiologicalprofileofsevereacuterespiratoryinfectioninbahiabrazilacomparativeanalysisofpreandpostpandemictrends AT cathiannesacramentopinto theimpactofthecovid19pandemicontheclinicalandepidemiologicalprofileofsevereacuterespiratoryinfectioninbahiabrazilacomparativeanalysisofpreandpostpandemictrends AT georgeregoalbuquerque theimpactofthecovid19pandemicontheclinicalandepidemiologicalprofileofsevereacuterespiratoryinfectioninbahiabrazilacomparativeanalysisofpreandpostpandemictrends AT anapaulamelomariano theimpactofthecovid19pandemicontheclinicalandepidemiologicalprofileofsevereacuterespiratoryinfectioninbahiabrazilacomparativeanalysisofpreandpostpandemictrends AT sandrarochagadelha theimpactofthecovid19pandemicontheclinicalandepidemiologicalprofileofsevereacuterespiratoryinfectioninbahiabrazilacomparativeanalysisofpreandpostpandemictrends AT karitonmagalhaesbronze impactofthecovid19pandemicontheclinicalandepidemiologicalprofileofsevereacuterespiratoryinfectioninbahiabrazilacomparativeanalysisofpreandpostpandemictrends AT uenerribeirodossantos impactofthecovid19pandemicontheclinicalandepidemiologicalprofileofsevereacuterespiratoryinfectioninbahiabrazilacomparativeanalysisofpreandpostpandemictrends AT galileubarbosacosta impactofthecovid19pandemicontheclinicalandepidemiologicalprofileofsevereacuterespiratoryinfectioninbahiabrazilacomparativeanalysisofpreandpostpandemictrends AT anaiadapaixaoseva impactofthecovid19pandemicontheclinicalandepidemiologicalprofileofsevereacuterespiratoryinfectioninbahiabrazilacomparativeanalysisofpreandpostpandemictrends AT mairaguimaraeskersul impactofthecovid19pandemicontheclinicalandepidemiologicalprofileofsevereacuterespiratoryinfectioninbahiabrazilacomparativeanalysisofpreandpostpandemictrends AT cathiannesacramentopinto impactofthecovid19pandemicontheclinicalandepidemiologicalprofileofsevereacuterespiratoryinfectioninbahiabrazilacomparativeanalysisofpreandpostpandemictrends AT georgeregoalbuquerque impactofthecovid19pandemicontheclinicalandepidemiologicalprofileofsevereacuterespiratoryinfectioninbahiabrazilacomparativeanalysisofpreandpostpandemictrends AT anapaulamelomariano impactofthecovid19pandemicontheclinicalandepidemiologicalprofileofsevereacuterespiratoryinfectioninbahiabrazilacomparativeanalysisofpreandpostpandemictrends AT sandrarochagadelha impactofthecovid19pandemicontheclinicalandepidemiologicalprofileofsevereacuterespiratoryinfectioninbahiabrazilacomparativeanalysisofpreandpostpandemictrends |