Soil Quality Assessment in the Mashhad Plain, Northeast Iran (A Minimum Data Set and Spatial Analysis Approach)

Soil quality assessment is crucial for sustainable land management. Given the high cost and time required to measure all soil quality indicators, minimum data set (MDS) selection offers an efficient approach for accurate evaluation. This study identifies an optimal MDS and examines its spatial distr...

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Main Authors: Amin Mousavi, Alireza Karimi, Seyed Kazem Alavipanah, Ashraf Malekian, Tayebeh Safari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: University of Tehran 2024-12-01
Series:Desert
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Online Access:https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_101402_6488c537e8d64568a46b6e8c0b18fe14.pdf
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author Amin Mousavi
Alireza Karimi
Seyed Kazem Alavipanah
Ashraf Malekian
Tayebeh Safari
author_facet Amin Mousavi
Alireza Karimi
Seyed Kazem Alavipanah
Ashraf Malekian
Tayebeh Safari
author_sort Amin Mousavi
collection DOAJ
description Soil quality assessment is crucial for sustainable land management. Given the high cost and time required to measure all soil quality indicators, minimum data set (MDS) selection offers an efficient approach for accurate evaluation. This study identifies an optimal MDS and examines its spatial distribution in the Mashhad Plain. A total of 180 soil samples (0-10 cm depth) were analyzed for physical and chemical properties. The soil quality index (SQI) was computed using the weighted additive integrated quality index (IQIw) in four scenarios: total dataset-linear (IQIwL_TDS), total dataset-nonlinear (IQIwNL_TDS), minimum dataset-linear (IQIwL_MDS), and minimum dataset-nonlinear (IQIwNL_MDS). Among 11 physical and chemical properties, principal component analysis (PCA) identified sand, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE), and nickel (Ni) as the MDS. IQIwL_MDS yielded the highest SQI, while IQIwNL_MDS produced the lowest. The nonlinear model (R² = 0.89) showed a stronger correlation between MDS and TDS than the linear model (R² = 0.76), underscoring the nonlinear model’s predictive accuracy. Global Moran’s I revealed a clustered spatial pattern, while Getis-Ord Gi* identified low-quality hotspots in the southern and southeastern regions, predominantly in barren lands. This study presents an innovative framework by integrating MDS selection and spatial analysis, offering a robust methodology for soil quality assessment in semi-arid regions. The findings provide valuable insights for sustainable soil management and conservation strategies in vulnerable landscapes.
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spelling doaj-art-6cd0a85036a844cf8e86fc1a0fd2df4b2025-08-20T03:53:58ZengUniversity of TehranDesert2008-08752345-475X2024-12-0129236238810.22059/jdesert.2024.101402101402Soil Quality Assessment in the Mashhad Plain, Northeast Iran (A Minimum Data Set and Spatial Analysis Approach)Amin Mousavi0Alireza Karimi1Seyed Kazem Alavipanah2Ashraf Malekian3Tayebeh Safari4Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Remote Sensing & GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranDepartment of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranSoil quality assessment is crucial for sustainable land management. Given the high cost and time required to measure all soil quality indicators, minimum data set (MDS) selection offers an efficient approach for accurate evaluation. This study identifies an optimal MDS and examines its spatial distribution in the Mashhad Plain. A total of 180 soil samples (0-10 cm depth) were analyzed for physical and chemical properties. The soil quality index (SQI) was computed using the weighted additive integrated quality index (IQIw) in four scenarios: total dataset-linear (IQIwL_TDS), total dataset-nonlinear (IQIwNL_TDS), minimum dataset-linear (IQIwL_MDS), and minimum dataset-nonlinear (IQIwNL_MDS). Among 11 physical and chemical properties, principal component analysis (PCA) identified sand, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE), and nickel (Ni) as the MDS. IQIwL_MDS yielded the highest SQI, while IQIwNL_MDS produced the lowest. The nonlinear model (R² = 0.89) showed a stronger correlation between MDS and TDS than the linear model (R² = 0.76), underscoring the nonlinear model’s predictive accuracy. Global Moran’s I revealed a clustered spatial pattern, while Getis-Ord Gi* identified low-quality hotspots in the southern and southeastern regions, predominantly in barren lands. This study presents an innovative framework by integrating MDS selection and spatial analysis, offering a robust methodology for soil quality assessment in semi-arid regions. The findings provide valuable insights for sustainable soil management and conservation strategies in vulnerable landscapes.https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_101402_6488c537e8d64568a46b6e8c0b18fe14.pdfweighted additive integrated quality index (iqiw)principal component analysis (pca)global moran indexgetis-ord gi*semi-arid regions
spellingShingle Amin Mousavi
Alireza Karimi
Seyed Kazem Alavipanah
Ashraf Malekian
Tayebeh Safari
Soil Quality Assessment in the Mashhad Plain, Northeast Iran (A Minimum Data Set and Spatial Analysis Approach)
Desert
weighted additive integrated quality index (iqiw)
principal component analysis (pca)
global moran index
getis-ord gi*
semi-arid regions
title Soil Quality Assessment in the Mashhad Plain, Northeast Iran (A Minimum Data Set and Spatial Analysis Approach)
title_full Soil Quality Assessment in the Mashhad Plain, Northeast Iran (A Minimum Data Set and Spatial Analysis Approach)
title_fullStr Soil Quality Assessment in the Mashhad Plain, Northeast Iran (A Minimum Data Set and Spatial Analysis Approach)
title_full_unstemmed Soil Quality Assessment in the Mashhad Plain, Northeast Iran (A Minimum Data Set and Spatial Analysis Approach)
title_short Soil Quality Assessment in the Mashhad Plain, Northeast Iran (A Minimum Data Set and Spatial Analysis Approach)
title_sort soil quality assessment in the mashhad plain northeast iran a minimum data set and spatial analysis approach
topic weighted additive integrated quality index (iqiw)
principal component analysis (pca)
global moran index
getis-ord gi*
semi-arid regions
url https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_101402_6488c537e8d64568a46b6e8c0b18fe14.pdf
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