Method for Extracting Arterial Pulse Waveforms from Interferometric Signals

This paper presents a methodology for extracting and simulating arterial pulse waveform signals from Fabry–Perot interferometric measurements, emphasizing a practical approach for noninvasive cardiovascular assessment. A key novelty of this work is the presentation of a complete Python-based process...

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Main Authors: Marian Janek, Ivan Martincek, Gabriela Tarjanyiova
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4389
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author Marian Janek
Ivan Martincek
Gabriela Tarjanyiova
author_facet Marian Janek
Ivan Martincek
Gabriela Tarjanyiova
author_sort Marian Janek
collection DOAJ
description This paper presents a methodology for extracting and simulating arterial pulse waveform signals from Fabry–Perot interferometric measurements, emphasizing a practical approach for noninvasive cardiovascular assessment. A key novelty of this work is the presentation of a complete Python-based processing pipeline, which is made publicly available as open-source code on GitHub (git version 2.39.5). To the authors’ knowledge, no such repository for demodulating these specific interferometric signals to obtain a raw arterial pulse waveform previously existed. The proposed system utilizes accessible Python-based preprocessing steps, including outlier removal, Butterworth high-pass filtering, and min–max normalization, designed for robust signal quality even in settings with common physiological artifacts. Key features such as the rate of change, the Hilbert transform of the rate of change (envelope), and detected extrema guide the signal reconstruction, offering a computationally efficient pathway to reveal its periodic and phase-dependent dynamics. Visual analyses highlight amplitude variations and residual noise sources, primarily attributed to sensor bandwidth limitations and interpolation methods, considerations critical for real-world deployment. Despite these practical challenges, the reconstructed arterial pulse waveform signals provide valuable insights into arterial motion, with the methodology’s performance validated on measurements from three subjects against synchronized ECG recordings. This demonstrates the viability of Fabry–Perot sensors as a potentially cost-effective and readily implementable tool for noninvasive cardiovascular diagnostics. The results underscore the importance of precise yet practical signal processing techniques and pave the way for further improvements in interferometric sensing, bio-signal analysis, and their translation into clinical practice.
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spelling doaj-art-6cc8fa0df93e4ee6835c725c1804af762025-08-20T03:56:49ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-07-012514438910.3390/s25144389Method for Extracting Arterial Pulse Waveforms from Interferometric SignalsMarian Janek0Ivan Martincek1Gabriela Tarjanyiova2Physics Department, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Zilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, SlovakiaPhysics Department, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Zilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, SlovakiaPhysics Department, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Zilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, SlovakiaThis paper presents a methodology for extracting and simulating arterial pulse waveform signals from Fabry–Perot interferometric measurements, emphasizing a practical approach for noninvasive cardiovascular assessment. A key novelty of this work is the presentation of a complete Python-based processing pipeline, which is made publicly available as open-source code on GitHub (git version 2.39.5). To the authors’ knowledge, no such repository for demodulating these specific interferometric signals to obtain a raw arterial pulse waveform previously existed. The proposed system utilizes accessible Python-based preprocessing steps, including outlier removal, Butterworth high-pass filtering, and min–max normalization, designed for robust signal quality even in settings with common physiological artifacts. Key features such as the rate of change, the Hilbert transform of the rate of change (envelope), and detected extrema guide the signal reconstruction, offering a computationally efficient pathway to reveal its periodic and phase-dependent dynamics. Visual analyses highlight amplitude variations and residual noise sources, primarily attributed to sensor bandwidth limitations and interpolation methods, considerations critical for real-world deployment. Despite these practical challenges, the reconstructed arterial pulse waveform signals provide valuable insights into arterial motion, with the methodology’s performance validated on measurements from three subjects against synchronized ECG recordings. This demonstrates the viability of Fabry–Perot sensors as a potentially cost-effective and readily implementable tool for noninvasive cardiovascular diagnostics. The results underscore the importance of precise yet practical signal processing techniques and pave the way for further improvements in interferometric sensing, bio-signal analysis, and their translation into clinical practice.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4389arterial pulse waveformFabry–Perot interferometerPython-based processing
spellingShingle Marian Janek
Ivan Martincek
Gabriela Tarjanyiova
Method for Extracting Arterial Pulse Waveforms from Interferometric Signals
Sensors
arterial pulse waveform
Fabry–Perot interferometer
Python-based processing
title Method for Extracting Arterial Pulse Waveforms from Interferometric Signals
title_full Method for Extracting Arterial Pulse Waveforms from Interferometric Signals
title_fullStr Method for Extracting Arterial Pulse Waveforms from Interferometric Signals
title_full_unstemmed Method for Extracting Arterial Pulse Waveforms from Interferometric Signals
title_short Method for Extracting Arterial Pulse Waveforms from Interferometric Signals
title_sort method for extracting arterial pulse waveforms from interferometric signals
topic arterial pulse waveform
Fabry–Perot interferometer
Python-based processing
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4389
work_keys_str_mv AT marianjanek methodforextractingarterialpulsewaveformsfrominterferometricsignals
AT ivanmartincek methodforextractingarterialpulsewaveformsfrominterferometricsignals
AT gabrielatarjanyiova methodforextractingarterialpulsewaveformsfrominterferometricsignals