Characterization of glutamine synthetase involved in the fecundity of Rhopalosiphum padi

Abstract Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a pivotal enzyme crucial for the synthesis of glutamine (Gln), an important precursor in amino acid biosynthesis, essential for the growth, development, and reproduction of insects through its involvement in nitrogen metabolism. Despite its recognized significan...

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Main Authors: Xing-Ye Li, Jie-Qiong Wang, Kang-Wu Zheng, Yu-Ting Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05567-z
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author Xing-Ye Li
Jie-Qiong Wang
Kang-Wu Zheng
Yu-Ting Li
author_facet Xing-Ye Li
Jie-Qiong Wang
Kang-Wu Zheng
Yu-Ting Li
author_sort Xing-Ye Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a pivotal enzyme crucial for the synthesis of glutamine (Gln), an important precursor in amino acid biosynthesis, essential for the growth, development, and reproduction of insects through its involvement in nitrogen metabolism. Despite its recognized significance in insect biology, the specific functions of GS in aphids have not been fully elucidated. Here, we cloned and characterized two GS genes, RpGS1 and RpGS2, from Rhopalosiphum padi and analyzed their expression profiles and explored the contribution of RpGS to aphid fecundity. The two isoforms, which are predicted to localize in the mitochondria and cytoplasm respectively, were successfully cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Despite exhibiting 92% amino acid similarity, the isoforms displayed distinct enzymatic kinetic properties and demonstrated variations in mRNA expression levels across developmental stages and tissues. Notably, RpGS1 was highly expressed in the head, whereas RpGS2 was highly expressed in the intestine. Both RpGS genes were significantly expressed in alate adult aphids. Treatment with the specific inhibitor L-methionine S-sulfoximine (MSX) not only suppressed enzyme activity but also downregulated gene expression. Furthermore, inhibition of RpGS led to a marked decrease in the abundance of the obligate symbiont Buchnera and reduced the fecundity of R. padi. The transcript levels of RpVg and RpGT were also downregulated. These findings underscore the significant role of RpGS in regulating fecundity, suggesting its potential as a target for insecticide development in pest management strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-6cb8978c819e4e8e835c25cc7f78ccda2025-08-20T03:45:32ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-05567-zCharacterization of glutamine synthetase involved in the fecundity of Rhopalosiphum padiXing-Ye Li0Jie-Qiong Wang1Kang-Wu Zheng2Yu-Ting Li3College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityCollege of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityCollege of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityCollege of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityAbstract Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a pivotal enzyme crucial for the synthesis of glutamine (Gln), an important precursor in amino acid biosynthesis, essential for the growth, development, and reproduction of insects through its involvement in nitrogen metabolism. Despite its recognized significance in insect biology, the specific functions of GS in aphids have not been fully elucidated. Here, we cloned and characterized two GS genes, RpGS1 and RpGS2, from Rhopalosiphum padi and analyzed their expression profiles and explored the contribution of RpGS to aphid fecundity. The two isoforms, which are predicted to localize in the mitochondria and cytoplasm respectively, were successfully cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Despite exhibiting 92% amino acid similarity, the isoforms displayed distinct enzymatic kinetic properties and demonstrated variations in mRNA expression levels across developmental stages and tissues. Notably, RpGS1 was highly expressed in the head, whereas RpGS2 was highly expressed in the intestine. Both RpGS genes were significantly expressed in alate adult aphids. Treatment with the specific inhibitor L-methionine S-sulfoximine (MSX) not only suppressed enzyme activity but also downregulated gene expression. Furthermore, inhibition of RpGS led to a marked decrease in the abundance of the obligate symbiont Buchnera and reduced the fecundity of R. padi. The transcript levels of RpVg and RpGT were also downregulated. These findings underscore the significant role of RpGS in regulating fecundity, suggesting its potential as a target for insecticide development in pest management strategies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05567-zGlutamine synthetaseRhopalosiphum padiFecundityVitellogeninBuchnera
spellingShingle Xing-Ye Li
Jie-Qiong Wang
Kang-Wu Zheng
Yu-Ting Li
Characterization of glutamine synthetase involved in the fecundity of Rhopalosiphum padi
Scientific Reports
Glutamine synthetase
Rhopalosiphum padi
Fecundity
Vitellogenin
Buchnera
title Characterization of glutamine synthetase involved in the fecundity of Rhopalosiphum padi
title_full Characterization of glutamine synthetase involved in the fecundity of Rhopalosiphum padi
title_fullStr Characterization of glutamine synthetase involved in the fecundity of Rhopalosiphum padi
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of glutamine synthetase involved in the fecundity of Rhopalosiphum padi
title_short Characterization of glutamine synthetase involved in the fecundity of Rhopalosiphum padi
title_sort characterization of glutamine synthetase involved in the fecundity of rhopalosiphum padi
topic Glutamine synthetase
Rhopalosiphum padi
Fecundity
Vitellogenin
Buchnera
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05567-z
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AT kangwuzheng characterizationofglutaminesynthetaseinvolvedinthefecundityofrhopalosiphumpadi
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