The role of structural skin proteins in the development of atopic dermatitis: A review

Atopic dermatitis (AtD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that significantly reduces the quality of life. The underlying factors in the pathogenesis of AtD are dysfunction of the epidermal barrier and impaired immune regulation. Keratinocytes perform a barrier function at the physical and chemi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Julia A. Kandrashkina, Ekaterina A. Orlova
Format: Article
Language:Russian
Published: ZAO "Consilium Medicum" 2025-01-01
Series:Consilium Medicum
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Online Access:https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/viewFile/680113/202372
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Summary:Atopic dermatitis (AtD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that significantly reduces the quality of life. The underlying factors in the pathogenesis of AtD are dysfunction of the epidermal barrier and impaired immune regulation. Keratinocytes perform a barrier function at the physical and chemical levels. During the formation of the stratum corneum, protein components are sequentially produced. Proteins such as filaggrin, filaggrin 2, involucrin, and loricrin are critical for the functioning of the epidermal barrier. In addition to dysfunction of the epidermal barrier, AtD is characterized by the development of a skin inflammatory process caused by T-helpers (Th) type 2. Th-2-derived cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, 13 and 31, play a significant role in the development and progression of AtD. The environment formed by Th-2 and Th-22-derived cytokines in AtD interferes with coordinated epidermal differentiation and maturation of keratinocytes, aggravating the production of structural skin proteins, thereby worsening the dysfunction of the skin barrier. Dysfunction of the skin barrier plays an important role in the development of AtD. In AtD, the expression of structural skin proteins such as filaggrin, involucrin, and loricrin decreases. To date, the mechanisms by which the production of structural skin proteins is regulated have not been fully studied, which opens up opportunities for additional research. In-depth study of this problem holds promise for the development of new strategies in the treatment of AtD.
ISSN:2075-1753
2542-2170