Ethnobotanical knowledge and ethnomedicinal uses of plant resources by urban communities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: a novel urban ethnobotanical approach

Abstract Study Background Ethnobotanical knowledge of plants in rural and remote areas is more common in Pakistan than in urban areas. This study was carried out to find the indigenous knowledge of plants in anthropogenically disturbed urban areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Materials and metho...

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Main Authors: Irfan Ullah, Seemab Akhtar, Muhammad Adnan, Javed Nawab, Sajid Ullah, M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-025-00766-4
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author Irfan Ullah
Seemab Akhtar
Muhammad Adnan
Javed Nawab
Sajid Ullah
M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud
author_facet Irfan Ullah
Seemab Akhtar
Muhammad Adnan
Javed Nawab
Sajid Ullah
M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud
author_sort Irfan Ullah
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Study Background Ethnobotanical knowledge of plants in rural and remote areas is more common in Pakistan than in urban areas. This study was carried out to find the indigenous knowledge of plants in anthropogenically disturbed urban areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Materials and methods Eight visits (Two per season) were carried out from March 2023 to March 2024. The semi- structured questionnaire was administered to informants and analyzed using informant consensus factor (ICF), use values (UV), fidelity level (FL%), average direct matrix ranking (ADMR), and Jaccard index (JI). Results A total of 138 plant species belonging to 54 families, Asteraceae with the highest number of plant species (14) were recorded from 101 informants. Herbs were the dominant plant species (75%) and leaves were the most used parts (43%). The ICF value of 0.97 indicated a high consensus among informants regarding the use of plants for kidney disorders. The highest UV value of 0.78 showed a maximum use of the plant for ear diseases. The highest FL% of 91.8 indicated the highest use of A. sativum for alopecia. For plant use in medicinal purposes, the ADMR ranking came in first. JI values showed that 73 plant species were common in all the three urban areas. Conclusions The study area was highly disturbed by anthropogenic activities. However, it still contains a rich diversity of plant resources. Furthermore, investigation is required for the conservation and utilization of plant resources, discovery of novel drugs and climate resilience for the welfare of mankind.
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spelling doaj-art-6ca40b41c2dd42e7821f73176862e9bb2025-08-20T03:05:44ZengBMCJournal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine1746-42692025-03-0121112710.1186/s13002-025-00766-4Ethnobotanical knowledge and ethnomedicinal uses of plant resources by urban communities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: a novel urban ethnobotanical approachIrfan Ullah0Seemab Akhtar1Muhammad Adnan2Javed Nawab3Sajid Ullah4M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud5Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Nangarhar UniversityDepartment of Software Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud UniversityAbstract Study Background Ethnobotanical knowledge of plants in rural and remote areas is more common in Pakistan than in urban areas. This study was carried out to find the indigenous knowledge of plants in anthropogenically disturbed urban areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Materials and methods Eight visits (Two per season) were carried out from March 2023 to March 2024. The semi- structured questionnaire was administered to informants and analyzed using informant consensus factor (ICF), use values (UV), fidelity level (FL%), average direct matrix ranking (ADMR), and Jaccard index (JI). Results A total of 138 plant species belonging to 54 families, Asteraceae with the highest number of plant species (14) were recorded from 101 informants. Herbs were the dominant plant species (75%) and leaves were the most used parts (43%). The ICF value of 0.97 indicated a high consensus among informants regarding the use of plants for kidney disorders. The highest UV value of 0.78 showed a maximum use of the plant for ear diseases. The highest FL% of 91.8 indicated the highest use of A. sativum for alopecia. For plant use in medicinal purposes, the ADMR ranking came in first. JI values showed that 73 plant species were common in all the three urban areas. Conclusions The study area was highly disturbed by anthropogenic activities. However, it still contains a rich diversity of plant resources. Furthermore, investigation is required for the conservation and utilization of plant resources, discovery of novel drugs and climate resilience for the welfare of mankind.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-025-00766-4Traditional knowledgeUrban ethno-botanyPlant resourcesEthnomedicineEthnobotanical indices
spellingShingle Irfan Ullah
Seemab Akhtar
Muhammad Adnan
Javed Nawab
Sajid Ullah
M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud
Ethnobotanical knowledge and ethnomedicinal uses of plant resources by urban communities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: a novel urban ethnobotanical approach
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
Traditional knowledge
Urban ethno-botany
Plant resources
Ethnomedicine
Ethnobotanical indices
title Ethnobotanical knowledge and ethnomedicinal uses of plant resources by urban communities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: a novel urban ethnobotanical approach
title_full Ethnobotanical knowledge and ethnomedicinal uses of plant resources by urban communities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: a novel urban ethnobotanical approach
title_fullStr Ethnobotanical knowledge and ethnomedicinal uses of plant resources by urban communities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: a novel urban ethnobotanical approach
title_full_unstemmed Ethnobotanical knowledge and ethnomedicinal uses of plant resources by urban communities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: a novel urban ethnobotanical approach
title_short Ethnobotanical knowledge and ethnomedicinal uses of plant resources by urban communities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: a novel urban ethnobotanical approach
title_sort ethnobotanical knowledge and ethnomedicinal uses of plant resources by urban communities of khyber pakhtunkhwa pakistan a novel urban ethnobotanical approach
topic Traditional knowledge
Urban ethno-botany
Plant resources
Ethnomedicine
Ethnobotanical indices
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-025-00766-4
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