Fe xviii and Fe xx Forbidden Lines Observed by Solar Orbiter/SPICE

The first simultaneous observations of the Fe xviii 974.86 Å and Fe xx 721.56 Å forbidden lines from the Spectral Imaging of the Coronal Environment (SPICE) spectrograph on Solar Orbiter are presented. The lines were observed from the postflare loops of an M2.5 class solar flare that peaked at 23:49...

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Main Authors: Peter R. Young, Andrew R. Inglis, Graham S. Kerr, Therese A. Kucera, Daniel F. Ryan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add339
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author Peter R. Young
Andrew R. Inglis
Graham S. Kerr
Therese A. Kucera
Daniel F. Ryan
author_facet Peter R. Young
Andrew R. Inglis
Graham S. Kerr
Therese A. Kucera
Daniel F. Ryan
author_sort Peter R. Young
collection DOAJ
description The first simultaneous observations of the Fe xviii 974.86 Å and Fe xx 721.56 Å forbidden lines from the Spectral Imaging of the Coronal Environment (SPICE) spectrograph on Solar Orbiter are presented. The lines were observed from the postflare loops of an M2.5 class solar flare that peaked at 23:49 UT on 2024 March 23. The Fe xx /Fe xviii ratio is used to derive a temperature spacetime map for the flaring period, with values ranging from 8 to 20 MK. The map reveals repeated episodes of heating at the SPICE slit location over a 30 minute period. For one location with the brightest emission, the plasma cooled from 10 to 8 MK in 5 minutes, which is longer than the expected conductive cooling time of 170 s, suggesting continued background heating during the cooling period. Doppler shifts of between 0 and +10 km s ^−1 were obtained with precisions of 1–4 km s ^−1 , but the accuracies are lower due to uncertainties over the absolute wavelength calibration; hence, we cannot conclude there are plasma flows in the flare loops. The widths of the two lines were found to be close to the instrumental widths with no evidence of nonthermal broadening although this result is limited by the instrument resolution. The Fe xviii and Fe xx lines have high signal-to-noise with only a 5 s exposure time, demonstrating that the lines will be valuable for high-cadence flare studies with SPICE.
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spelling doaj-art-6ca26db64e1945f2aefe2e0a8af6e8db2025-08-20T03:25:00ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198616410.3847/1538-4357/add339Fe xviii and Fe xx Forbidden Lines Observed by Solar Orbiter/SPICEPeter R. Young0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-2925Andrew R. Inglis1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0656-2437Graham S. Kerr2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5316-914XTherese A. Kucera3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9632-447XDaniel F. Ryan4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8661-3825NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Heliophysics Science Division, Code 671, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Northumbria University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UKNASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Heliophysics Science Division, Code 671, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Department of Physics, Catholic University of America , 620 Michigan Avenue, Northeast, Washington, DC 20064, USANASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Heliophysics Science Division, Code 671, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Department of Physics, Catholic University of America , 620 Michigan Avenue, Northeast, Washington, DC 20064, USANASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Heliophysics Science Division, Code 671, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAUniversity College London , Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UKThe first simultaneous observations of the Fe xviii 974.86 Å and Fe xx 721.56 Å forbidden lines from the Spectral Imaging of the Coronal Environment (SPICE) spectrograph on Solar Orbiter are presented. The lines were observed from the postflare loops of an M2.5 class solar flare that peaked at 23:49 UT on 2024 March 23. The Fe xx /Fe xviii ratio is used to derive a temperature spacetime map for the flaring period, with values ranging from 8 to 20 MK. The map reveals repeated episodes of heating at the SPICE slit location over a 30 minute period. For one location with the brightest emission, the plasma cooled from 10 to 8 MK in 5 minutes, which is longer than the expected conductive cooling time of 170 s, suggesting continued background heating during the cooling period. Doppler shifts of between 0 and +10 km s ^−1 were obtained with precisions of 1–4 km s ^−1 , but the accuracies are lower due to uncertainties over the absolute wavelength calibration; hence, we cannot conclude there are plasma flows in the flare loops. The widths of the two lines were found to be close to the instrumental widths with no evidence of nonthermal broadening although this result is limited by the instrument resolution. The Fe xviii and Fe xx lines have high signal-to-noise with only a 5 s exposure time, demonstrating that the lines will be valuable for high-cadence flare studies with SPICE.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add339Solar extreme ultraviolet emissionSolar flaresSolar flare spectra
spellingShingle Peter R. Young
Andrew R. Inglis
Graham S. Kerr
Therese A. Kucera
Daniel F. Ryan
Fe xviii and Fe xx Forbidden Lines Observed by Solar Orbiter/SPICE
The Astrophysical Journal
Solar extreme ultraviolet emission
Solar flares
Solar flare spectra
title Fe xviii and Fe xx Forbidden Lines Observed by Solar Orbiter/SPICE
title_full Fe xviii and Fe xx Forbidden Lines Observed by Solar Orbiter/SPICE
title_fullStr Fe xviii and Fe xx Forbidden Lines Observed by Solar Orbiter/SPICE
title_full_unstemmed Fe xviii and Fe xx Forbidden Lines Observed by Solar Orbiter/SPICE
title_short Fe xviii and Fe xx Forbidden Lines Observed by Solar Orbiter/SPICE
title_sort fe xviii and fe xx forbidden lines observed by solar orbiter spice
topic Solar extreme ultraviolet emission
Solar flares
Solar flare spectra
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add339
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