CAR-T cell therapy in china: innovations, challenges, and strategic pathways

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has transformed oncology, with CAR-T cell therapy emerging as a cornerstone of personalized treatment for hematologic malignancies. In China, rapid advancements in domestically developed CAR-T therapies have achieved clinical outcomes comparable to global benchmarks, wi...

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Main Authors: Lihui Yan, Boshi Duan, Peng Sun, Tianzuo Wang, Tianyou Wang, Shuang Jiang, Yue Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-08-01
Series:Discover Oncology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03282-9
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author Lihui Yan
Boshi Duan
Peng Sun
Tianzuo Wang
Tianyou Wang
Shuang Jiang
Yue Wang
author_facet Lihui Yan
Boshi Duan
Peng Sun
Tianzuo Wang
Tianyou Wang
Shuang Jiang
Yue Wang
author_sort Lihui Yan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has transformed oncology, with CAR-T cell therapy emerging as a cornerstone of personalized treatment for hematologic malignancies. In China, rapid advancements in domestically developed CAR-T therapies have achieved clinical outcomes comparable to global benchmarks, with overall response rates (ORR) of 79–89% in B-cell malignancies and 64% 12-month progression-free survival in multiple myeloma. Despite these successes, CAR-T application in solid tumors remains hindered by antigen heterogeneity, immunosuppressive microenvironments, and on-target/off-tumor toxicity. To address these barriers, China has pioneered innovative strategies, including dual-target CAR-T constructs, armored CAR-Ts secreting immunomodulatory cytokines, and synergistic integration with traditional Chinese medicine, which enhances CAR-T efficacy by inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells and reducing cytokine release syndrome. Notably, preclinical studies demonstrate that Huangqin increases tumor regression rates from 40 to 65% in lung cancer models when combined with CAR-T therapy. Concurrently, China is reshaping accessibility through policy innovations such as the “1 + 3 + N” multi-tiered payment system and regional insurance pilots, which reduce patient costs by 50%. Strategic investments in automated manufacturing and global regulatory harmonization further position China as a leader in cost-effective CAR-T development. However, challenges persist in solid tumor targeting, international market integration, and long-term safety monitoring. Future directions emphasize precision engineering, AI-driven treatment optimization, and cross-border collaborations to advance next-generation therapies. By balancing innovation, affordability, and policy agility, China is poised to drive the global evolution of cancer immunotherapy while addressing unmet needs in both hematologic and solid malignancies.
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spelling doaj-art-6c97db4df95e43928404ca748b3e297c2025-08-24T11:36:04ZengSpringerDiscover Oncology2730-60112025-08-0116111010.1007/s12672-025-03282-9CAR-T cell therapy in china: innovations, challenges, and strategic pathwaysLihui Yan0Boshi Duan1Peng Sun2Tianzuo WangTianyou WangShuang Jiang3Yue Wang4Department of Pain Relief Therapeutic, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteDepartment of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of Hand Surgery 4 Ward, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical CollegePsychology Clinic, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteDepartment of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteAbstract Cancer immunotherapy has transformed oncology, with CAR-T cell therapy emerging as a cornerstone of personalized treatment for hematologic malignancies. In China, rapid advancements in domestically developed CAR-T therapies have achieved clinical outcomes comparable to global benchmarks, with overall response rates (ORR) of 79–89% in B-cell malignancies and 64% 12-month progression-free survival in multiple myeloma. Despite these successes, CAR-T application in solid tumors remains hindered by antigen heterogeneity, immunosuppressive microenvironments, and on-target/off-tumor toxicity. To address these barriers, China has pioneered innovative strategies, including dual-target CAR-T constructs, armored CAR-Ts secreting immunomodulatory cytokines, and synergistic integration with traditional Chinese medicine, which enhances CAR-T efficacy by inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells and reducing cytokine release syndrome. Notably, preclinical studies demonstrate that Huangqin increases tumor regression rates from 40 to 65% in lung cancer models when combined with CAR-T therapy. Concurrently, China is reshaping accessibility through policy innovations such as the “1 + 3 + N” multi-tiered payment system and regional insurance pilots, which reduce patient costs by 50%. Strategic investments in automated manufacturing and global regulatory harmonization further position China as a leader in cost-effective CAR-T development. However, challenges persist in solid tumor targeting, international market integration, and long-term safety monitoring. Future directions emphasize precision engineering, AI-driven treatment optimization, and cross-border collaborations to advance next-generation therapies. By balancing innovation, affordability, and policy agility, China is poised to drive the global evolution of cancer immunotherapy while addressing unmet needs in both hematologic and solid malignancies.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03282-9Tumor immunotherapyImmune cell therapyImmune checkpoint therapyCAR-TBispecific antibodies
spellingShingle Lihui Yan
Boshi Duan
Peng Sun
Tianzuo Wang
Tianyou Wang
Shuang Jiang
Yue Wang
CAR-T cell therapy in china: innovations, challenges, and strategic pathways
Discover Oncology
Tumor immunotherapy
Immune cell therapy
Immune checkpoint therapy
CAR-T
Bispecific antibodies
title CAR-T cell therapy in china: innovations, challenges, and strategic pathways
title_full CAR-T cell therapy in china: innovations, challenges, and strategic pathways
title_fullStr CAR-T cell therapy in china: innovations, challenges, and strategic pathways
title_full_unstemmed CAR-T cell therapy in china: innovations, challenges, and strategic pathways
title_short CAR-T cell therapy in china: innovations, challenges, and strategic pathways
title_sort car t cell therapy in china innovations challenges and strategic pathways
topic Tumor immunotherapy
Immune cell therapy
Immune checkpoint therapy
CAR-T
Bispecific antibodies
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03282-9
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