Cybersecurity at Sea: A Literature Review of Cyber-Attack Impacts and Defenses in Maritime Supply Chains
The maritime industry is constantly evolving and posing new challenges, especially with increasing digitalization, which has raised concerns about cyber-attacks on maritime supply chain agents. Although scholars have proposed various methods and classification models to counter these cyber threats,...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Information |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/11/710 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850145117364551680 |
|---|---|
| author | Maria Valentina Clavijo Mesa Carmen Elena Patino-Rodriguez Fernando Jesus Guevara Carazas |
| author_facet | Maria Valentina Clavijo Mesa Carmen Elena Patino-Rodriguez Fernando Jesus Guevara Carazas |
| author_sort | Maria Valentina Clavijo Mesa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The maritime industry is constantly evolving and posing new challenges, especially with increasing digitalization, which has raised concerns about cyber-attacks on maritime supply chain agents. Although scholars have proposed various methods and classification models to counter these cyber threats, a comprehensive cyber-attack taxonomy for maritime supply chain actors based on a systematic literature review is still lacking. This review aims to provide a clear picture of common cyber-attacks and develop a taxonomy for their categorization. In addition, it outlines best practices derived from academic research in maritime cybersecurity using PRISMA principles for a systematic literature review, which identified 110 relevant journal papers. This study highlights that distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks and malware are top concerns for all maritime supply chain stakeholders. In particular, shipping companies are urged to prioritize defenses against hijacking, spoofing, and jamming. The report identifies 18 practices to combat cyber-attacks, categorized into information security management solutions, information security policies, and cybersecurity awareness and training. Finally, this paper explores how emerging technologies can address cyber-attacks in the maritime supply chain network (MSCN). While Industry 4.0 technologies are highlighted as significant trends in the literature, this study aims to equip MSCN stakeholders with the knowledge to effectively leverage a broader range of emerging technologies. In doing so, it provides forward-looking solutions to prevent and mitigate cyber-attacks, emphasizing that Industry 4.0 is part of a larger landscape of technological innovation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6c947d7e53164151bcd4ebe8ffb7adbe |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2078-2489 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Information |
| spelling | doaj-art-6c947d7e53164151bcd4ebe8ffb7adbe2025-08-20T02:28:10ZengMDPI AGInformation2078-24892024-11-01151171010.3390/info15110710Cybersecurity at Sea: A Literature Review of Cyber-Attack Impacts and Defenses in Maritime Supply ChainsMaria Valentina Clavijo Mesa0Carmen Elena Patino-Rodriguez1Fernando Jesus Guevara Carazas2Energy Department, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, ItalyIndustrial Engineering, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, ColombiaMechanical Engineering, Universidad Nacional, Medellín 050034, ColombiaThe maritime industry is constantly evolving and posing new challenges, especially with increasing digitalization, which has raised concerns about cyber-attacks on maritime supply chain agents. Although scholars have proposed various methods and classification models to counter these cyber threats, a comprehensive cyber-attack taxonomy for maritime supply chain actors based on a systematic literature review is still lacking. This review aims to provide a clear picture of common cyber-attacks and develop a taxonomy for their categorization. In addition, it outlines best practices derived from academic research in maritime cybersecurity using PRISMA principles for a systematic literature review, which identified 110 relevant journal papers. This study highlights that distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks and malware are top concerns for all maritime supply chain stakeholders. In particular, shipping companies are urged to prioritize defenses against hijacking, spoofing, and jamming. The report identifies 18 practices to combat cyber-attacks, categorized into information security management solutions, information security policies, and cybersecurity awareness and training. Finally, this paper explores how emerging technologies can address cyber-attacks in the maritime supply chain network (MSCN). While Industry 4.0 technologies are highlighted as significant trends in the literature, this study aims to equip MSCN stakeholders with the knowledge to effectively leverage a broader range of emerging technologies. In doing so, it provides forward-looking solutions to prevent and mitigate cyber-attacks, emphasizing that Industry 4.0 is part of a larger landscape of technological innovation.https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/11/710maritime supply chaincyber riskcybersecuritycyber-attacksIndustry 4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Maria Valentina Clavijo Mesa Carmen Elena Patino-Rodriguez Fernando Jesus Guevara Carazas Cybersecurity at Sea: A Literature Review of Cyber-Attack Impacts and Defenses in Maritime Supply Chains Information maritime supply chain cyber risk cybersecurity cyber-attacks Industry 4.0 |
| title | Cybersecurity at Sea: A Literature Review of Cyber-Attack Impacts and Defenses in Maritime Supply Chains |
| title_full | Cybersecurity at Sea: A Literature Review of Cyber-Attack Impacts and Defenses in Maritime Supply Chains |
| title_fullStr | Cybersecurity at Sea: A Literature Review of Cyber-Attack Impacts and Defenses in Maritime Supply Chains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cybersecurity at Sea: A Literature Review of Cyber-Attack Impacts and Defenses in Maritime Supply Chains |
| title_short | Cybersecurity at Sea: A Literature Review of Cyber-Attack Impacts and Defenses in Maritime Supply Chains |
| title_sort | cybersecurity at sea a literature review of cyber attack impacts and defenses in maritime supply chains |
| topic | maritime supply chain cyber risk cybersecurity cyber-attacks Industry 4.0 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/11/710 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariavalentinaclavijomesa cybersecurityatseaaliteraturereviewofcyberattackimpactsanddefensesinmaritimesupplychains AT carmenelenapatinorodriguez cybersecurityatseaaliteraturereviewofcyberattackimpactsanddefensesinmaritimesupplychains AT fernandojesusguevaracarazas cybersecurityatseaaliteraturereviewofcyberattackimpactsanddefensesinmaritimesupplychains |