Using Amaranth and Psyllium for Bread Production

This study aimed to assess the nutritional properties of bread formulated using amaranth flour, lentil flour, corn starch, and psyllium seed husk. This study investigated the chemical composition, mineral content, and antioxidant activity of the raw ingredients. Lentil flour recorded the highest rat...

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Main Authors: Neveen, A.M. Arfa, Khalid, R.A. Elbassiony
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Food Technology Research Institute, ARC 2024-06-01
Series:Food Technology Research Journal
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Online Access:https://ftrj.journals.ekb.eg/article_355420_3bd3f1253a22027b09010a700d0d8c91.pdf
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author Neveen, A.M. Arfa
Khalid, R.A. Elbassiony
author_facet Neveen, A.M. Arfa
Khalid, R.A. Elbassiony
author_sort Neveen, A.M. Arfa
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed to assess the nutritional properties of bread formulated using amaranth flour, lentil flour, corn starch, and psyllium seed husk. This study investigated the chemical composition, mineral content, and antioxidant activity of the raw ingredients. Lentil flour recorded the highest rate of protein (28.05%), followed by amaranth (15.40%). Amaranth too recorded the most noteworthy rate of fat (5.95%), psyllium seed husks (64.04%) recorded the most elevated rate of fiber, and cornstarch recorded the most noteworthy rate of carbohydrates (97.42%). The most elevated rates of potassium, calcium, magnesium, and manganese (209.36, 2123.48, 687.03, and 705.76%) were in amaranth flour, whereas psyllium husks recorded the most elevated rates of sodium, potassium, calcium, and manganese (65.34, 115.26, 40.13, and 54.07%) individually. As for lentil flour, it also recorded the highest levels of sodium, potassium, and calcium (81.25, 876.52, and 122.09%) separately. Lentil flour, moreover, recorded the most noteworthy rate in crude materials, where antioxidant action, added up to phenolics, and added up to flavonoids were (210.37%), (183.73 gallic acid mg/100 g), and (103.20 quercetin mg/100 g). Individually, four formulas were made to get ready for bread: F1 = 80% cornstarch-10% amaranth red seed flour (10% lentils flour), F2 = 70% cornstarch-15% amaranth red seed flour (15% lentils flour), F3 = 60% cornstarch-20% amaranth red seed flour (20% lentils flour), and F4 = 50% cornstarch-25% amaranth red seed flour (25% lentils flour). Psyllium husks were consistently added at a rate of 2 grams per 100 grams of flour to all four bread formulations. Sensory evaluation was then conducted on breads made from these formulations. 2.0 kGy has the potential to kill or, at the very least, minimize the biology of spoilage-causing microorganisms in the bread. The study concluded that gamma irradiation effectively extends the shelf life of gluten-free, high-fiber breads.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2974-3990
language English
publishDate 2024-06-01
publisher Food Technology Research Institute, ARC
record_format Article
series Food Technology Research Journal
spelling doaj-art-6c896a1e18d54be2b8a34a47148ee32b2025-08-20T03:29:03ZengFood Technology Research Institute, ARCFood Technology Research Journal2974-39902024-06-0141354810.21608/ftrj.2024.279422.1065Using Amaranth and Psyllium for Bread ProductionNeveen, A.M. Arfa0Khalid, R.A. Elbassiony1Experimental Kitchen Research Unit, Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptPlant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 13759, Egypt.This study aimed to assess the nutritional properties of bread formulated using amaranth flour, lentil flour, corn starch, and psyllium seed husk. This study investigated the chemical composition, mineral content, and antioxidant activity of the raw ingredients. Lentil flour recorded the highest rate of protein (28.05%), followed by amaranth (15.40%). Amaranth too recorded the most noteworthy rate of fat (5.95%), psyllium seed husks (64.04%) recorded the most elevated rate of fiber, and cornstarch recorded the most noteworthy rate of carbohydrates (97.42%). The most elevated rates of potassium, calcium, magnesium, and manganese (209.36, 2123.48, 687.03, and 705.76%) were in amaranth flour, whereas psyllium husks recorded the most elevated rates of sodium, potassium, calcium, and manganese (65.34, 115.26, 40.13, and 54.07%) individually. As for lentil flour, it also recorded the highest levels of sodium, potassium, and calcium (81.25, 876.52, and 122.09%) separately. Lentil flour, moreover, recorded the most noteworthy rate in crude materials, where antioxidant action, added up to phenolics, and added up to flavonoids were (210.37%), (183.73 gallic acid mg/100 g), and (103.20 quercetin mg/100 g). Individually, four formulas were made to get ready for bread: F1 = 80% cornstarch-10% amaranth red seed flour (10% lentils flour), F2 = 70% cornstarch-15% amaranth red seed flour (15% lentils flour), F3 = 60% cornstarch-20% amaranth red seed flour (20% lentils flour), and F4 = 50% cornstarch-25% amaranth red seed flour (25% lentils flour). Psyllium husks were consistently added at a rate of 2 grams per 100 grams of flour to all four bread formulations. Sensory evaluation was then conducted on breads made from these formulations. 2.0 kGy has the potential to kill or, at the very least, minimize the biology of spoilage-causing microorganisms in the bread. The study concluded that gamma irradiation effectively extends the shelf life of gluten-free, high-fiber breads. https://ftrj.journals.ekb.eg/article_355420_3bd3f1253a22027b09010a700d0d8c91.pdfamaranthpsylliumlentilcornstarchgamma irradiationantioxidant activity
spellingShingle Neveen, A.M. Arfa
Khalid, R.A. Elbassiony
Using Amaranth and Psyllium for Bread Production
Food Technology Research Journal
amaranth
psyllium
lentil
cornstarch
gamma irradiation
antioxidant activity
title Using Amaranth and Psyllium for Bread Production
title_full Using Amaranth and Psyllium for Bread Production
title_fullStr Using Amaranth and Psyllium for Bread Production
title_full_unstemmed Using Amaranth and Psyllium for Bread Production
title_short Using Amaranth and Psyllium for Bread Production
title_sort using amaranth and psyllium for bread production
topic amaranth
psyllium
lentil
cornstarch
gamma irradiation
antioxidant activity
url https://ftrj.journals.ekb.eg/article_355420_3bd3f1253a22027b09010a700d0d8c91.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT neveenamarfa usingamaranthandpsylliumforbreadproduction
AT khalidraelbassiony usingamaranthandpsylliumforbreadproduction