Predictive value of the serum homocysteine-to-albumin ratio for major adverse cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a major global health burden, with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) significantly affecting long-term prognosis. Although the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score is widely used for risk stratification, its complexity li...

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Main Authors: Jiaping Wang, Jianling Zhou, Na Wang, Meili Fu, Ziwen Song, Ming Hu, Huiyi Wu, Runfeng Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1574139/full
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author Jiaping Wang
Jianling Zhou
Na Wang
Meili Fu
Ziwen Song
Ming Hu
Huiyi Wu
Runfeng Sun
author_facet Jiaping Wang
Jianling Zhou
Na Wang
Meili Fu
Ziwen Song
Ming Hu
Huiyi Wu
Runfeng Sun
author_sort Jiaping Wang
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a major global health burden, with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) significantly affecting long-term prognosis. Although the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score is widely used for risk stratification, its complexity limits its clinical utility, especially in resource-limited settings. The serum homocysteine-to-albumin ratio (HAR) is a novel biomarker that combines oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, both of which play key roles in cardiovascular pathophysiology. This study aimed to assess the prognostic significance of HAR for MACE in AMI patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 421 AMI patients admitted to Donghai Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023. Clinical and laboratory data, including homocysteine (Hcy), albumin (Alb), and HAR, were collected. The primary outcome was MACE, defined as cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, heart failure, recurrent revascularization, stroke, and severe arrhythmias. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of MACE. The predictive performance of HAR was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and compared with Hcy, Alb, and the GRACE score.ResultsDuring the 12-month follow-up period, 105 patients (24.9%) experienced MACE. The MACE group had significantly higher Hcy levels (15.7 ± 3.4 vs. 12.6 ± 3.1 μmol/L, P < 0.001) and lower Alb levels (34.2 ± 3.9 vs. 38.5 ± 4.2 g/L, P < 0.001). HAR was independently associated with MACE (HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.20–1.65, P < 0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated that HAR (AUC = 0.80) outperformed Hcy (AUC = 0.66) and Alb (AUC = 0.73) in predicting MACE, with predictive accuracy comparable to the GRACE score (AUC = 0.82).ConclusionsHAR is a strong and independent predictor of MACE in AMI patients. Given its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and availability, HAR may serve as a valuable biomarker for cardiovascular risk stratification, especially in resource-limited settings. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings and explore potential clinical applications.
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spelling doaj-art-6c8618ed89f1489bbe63a7066c70bf212025-08-20T03:21:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine2297-055X2025-06-011210.3389/fcvm.2025.15741391574139Predictive value of the serum homocysteine-to-albumin ratio for major adverse cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort studyJiaping Wang0Jianling Zhou1Na Wang2Meili Fu3Ziwen Song4Ming Hu5Huiyi Wu6Runfeng Sun7Department of Laboratory Medicine, Donghai People’s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Donghai People’s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Donghai People’s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Donghai People’s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Donghai People’s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Donghai People’s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Donghai People’s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Donghai People’s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, ChinaBackgroundAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a major global health burden, with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) significantly affecting long-term prognosis. Although the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score is widely used for risk stratification, its complexity limits its clinical utility, especially in resource-limited settings. The serum homocysteine-to-albumin ratio (HAR) is a novel biomarker that combines oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, both of which play key roles in cardiovascular pathophysiology. This study aimed to assess the prognostic significance of HAR for MACE in AMI patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 421 AMI patients admitted to Donghai Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023. Clinical and laboratory data, including homocysteine (Hcy), albumin (Alb), and HAR, were collected. The primary outcome was MACE, defined as cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, heart failure, recurrent revascularization, stroke, and severe arrhythmias. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of MACE. The predictive performance of HAR was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and compared with Hcy, Alb, and the GRACE score.ResultsDuring the 12-month follow-up period, 105 patients (24.9%) experienced MACE. The MACE group had significantly higher Hcy levels (15.7 ± 3.4 vs. 12.6 ± 3.1 μmol/L, P < 0.001) and lower Alb levels (34.2 ± 3.9 vs. 38.5 ± 4.2 g/L, P < 0.001). HAR was independently associated with MACE (HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.20–1.65, P < 0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated that HAR (AUC = 0.80) outperformed Hcy (AUC = 0.66) and Alb (AUC = 0.73) in predicting MACE, with predictive accuracy comparable to the GRACE score (AUC = 0.82).ConclusionsHAR is a strong and independent predictor of MACE in AMI patients. Given its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and availability, HAR may serve as a valuable biomarker for cardiovascular risk stratification, especially in resource-limited settings. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings and explore potential clinical applications.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1574139/fullacute myocardial infarctionhomocysteinealbuminhomocysteine-to-albumin ratiomajor adverse cardiovascular eventsrisk stratification
spellingShingle Jiaping Wang
Jianling Zhou
Na Wang
Meili Fu
Ziwen Song
Ming Hu
Huiyi Wu
Runfeng Sun
Predictive value of the serum homocysteine-to-albumin ratio for major adverse cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort study
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
acute myocardial infarction
homocysteine
albumin
homocysteine-to-albumin ratio
major adverse cardiovascular events
risk stratification
title Predictive value of the serum homocysteine-to-albumin ratio for major adverse cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort study
title_full Predictive value of the serum homocysteine-to-albumin ratio for major adverse cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort study
title_fullStr Predictive value of the serum homocysteine-to-albumin ratio for major adverse cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Predictive value of the serum homocysteine-to-albumin ratio for major adverse cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort study
title_short Predictive value of the serum homocysteine-to-albumin ratio for major adverse cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort study
title_sort predictive value of the serum homocysteine to albumin ratio for major adverse cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction a retrospective cohort study
topic acute myocardial infarction
homocysteine
albumin
homocysteine-to-albumin ratio
major adverse cardiovascular events
risk stratification
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1574139/full
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