<i>Fusarium</i> Species Shifts in Maize Grain as a Response to Climatic Changes in Poland

<i>Fusarium</i> Species Shifts in Maize Grain as a Response to Climatic Changes in Poland

Maize, along with wheat and rice, is the most important crop for food security. Ear rots caused by <i>Fusarium</i> species are among the most important diseases of maize. The distribution of <i>Fusarium</i> species provides essential epidemiological information for disease ma...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Elzbieta Czembor, Seweryn Frasiński, Monika Urbaniak, Agnieszka Waśkiewicz, Jerzy H. Czembor, Łukasz Stępień
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Agriculture
Subjects:
climate change
epidemiology
<i>Fusarium</i> species
maize ear rot
translation elongation factor <i>tef</i>-1<i>α</i>
weather conditions
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/10/1793
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Summary:Maize, along with wheat and rice, is the most important crop for food security. Ear rots caused by <i>Fusarium</i> species are among the most important diseases of maize. The distribution of <i>Fusarium</i> species provides essential epidemiological information for disease management. The effect of weather conditions, climate change and geographic localization on the <i>Fusarium</i> population in Poland was evaluated between 2015 and 2018. Grain samples (<i>n</i> = 233) were collected from hybrids at 16 locations (L1–L16). The differences in altitude between locations ranged from 39 to 243 m above sea level, longitude varied between 15°55′ and 23°12′ E, and latitude spanned from 50°12′ to 54°01′ N. Isolates were identified using molecular techniques. The highest <i>Fusarium</i> species frequency was recorded for 2016 (30.70%) and 2017 (28.18%), and the lowest for 2018 (5.36%). <i>F. verticillioides</i> and <i>F. temperatum</i> were the most frequent. Altitude has an effect on <i>F. vericillioides</i> frequency: <i>F. graminearum</i> showed a negative correlation with both latitude and longitude. In Polish conditions, from silking to harvesting, the number of days with higher precipitation and lower temperatures is associated with an increased frequency of <i>F. verticillioides</i>, <i>F. temperatum</i>, <i>F. graminearum</i> and <i>F. avenaceum</i>. This suggests that the <i>Fusarium</i> presence in Poland is significantly influenced not only by climate change but also by extreme weather changes.
ISSN:2077-0472

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