Acid resistance and bond strength of calcium-containing adhesive on enamel

Introduction and Aims: Marginal sealing by enamel bonding is important to enhance the durability of the restoration and prevent secondary caries after operative procedure. This study aimed to evaluate the enamel acid resistance and bond strength of an experimental calcium-containing adhesive system....

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Main Authors: Hirotoshi Iwabuchi, Go Inoue, Xuefei Chen, Masaomi Ikeda, Yasushi Shimada
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:International Dental Journal
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020653924016174
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author Hirotoshi Iwabuchi
Go Inoue
Xuefei Chen
Masaomi Ikeda
Yasushi Shimada
author_facet Hirotoshi Iwabuchi
Go Inoue
Xuefei Chen
Masaomi Ikeda
Yasushi Shimada
author_sort Hirotoshi Iwabuchi
collection DOAJ
description Introduction and Aims: Marginal sealing by enamel bonding is important to enhance the durability of the restoration and prevent secondary caries after operative procedure. This study aimed to evaluate the enamel acid resistance and bond strength of an experimental calcium-containing adhesive system. Methods: All materials were provided by Kuraray Noritake Dental, Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). A calcium-containing primer (CaP) was formulated by blending 10% CaCl2 into Clearfil SE Bond2 primer. The original primer (SEP) served as a control. Clearfil SE Bond2 Bond and Clearfil Protect Bond (PBB) were used as bonding agents. Human molar enamel was used for acid-resistance evaluation. After the adhesive was applied, a resin composite was built and light-cured. The samples were then subjected to an acid-base challenge and observed under scanning electron microscopy after 1 day and 3 months of storage. Mechanical strength was evaluated using microshear bond strength (μSBS) testing on bovine incisor enamel, with tests conducted 1 day after bonding (TC0) and after 5000 thermal cycles (TC5000). Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and t tests (α = 0.05). Results: Acid–base resistant zones (ABRZs) formed in all groups, with thicker ABRZ formation in the CaP groups than in the SEP groups. A slope formation at the bottom of the outer lesion was noted in the PBB group. No morphological differences were found between the immediate and 3-month storage groups. The thermal cycling mode did not significantly affect the μSBS between the CaP and SEP groups. Conclusion: The experimental calcium-containing adhesive system formed a thicker ABRZ on enamel without affecting the μSBS. Clinical Relevance: The study suggests that the experimental adhesive system enhances enamel acid resistance, forming a thicker ABRZ while maintaining bond strength, offering improved long-term protection against caries for clinical use.
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spelling doaj-art-6c6f9f60847c44cc91971e44ea2cbd752025-08-20T03:49:03ZengElsevierInternational Dental Journal0020-65392025-06-017532253226110.1016/j.identj.2024.11.023Acid resistance and bond strength of calcium-containing adhesive on enamelHirotoshi Iwabuchi0Go Inoue1Xuefei Chen2Masaomi Ikeda3Yasushi Shimada4Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Corresponding author: Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Oral Prosthetic Engineering, Graduate School, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Science Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, JapanIntroduction and Aims: Marginal sealing by enamel bonding is important to enhance the durability of the restoration and prevent secondary caries after operative procedure. This study aimed to evaluate the enamel acid resistance and bond strength of an experimental calcium-containing adhesive system. Methods: All materials were provided by Kuraray Noritake Dental, Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). A calcium-containing primer (CaP) was formulated by blending 10% CaCl2 into Clearfil SE Bond2 primer. The original primer (SEP) served as a control. Clearfil SE Bond2 Bond and Clearfil Protect Bond (PBB) were used as bonding agents. Human molar enamel was used for acid-resistance evaluation. After the adhesive was applied, a resin composite was built and light-cured. The samples were then subjected to an acid-base challenge and observed under scanning electron microscopy after 1 day and 3 months of storage. Mechanical strength was evaluated using microshear bond strength (μSBS) testing on bovine incisor enamel, with tests conducted 1 day after bonding (TC0) and after 5000 thermal cycles (TC5000). Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and t tests (α = 0.05). Results: Acid–base resistant zones (ABRZs) formed in all groups, with thicker ABRZ formation in the CaP groups than in the SEP groups. A slope formation at the bottom of the outer lesion was noted in the PBB group. No morphological differences were found between the immediate and 3-month storage groups. The thermal cycling mode did not significantly affect the μSBS between the CaP and SEP groups. Conclusion: The experimental calcium-containing adhesive system formed a thicker ABRZ on enamel without affecting the μSBS. Clinical Relevance: The study suggests that the experimental adhesive system enhances enamel acid resistance, forming a thicker ABRZ while maintaining bond strength, offering improved long-term protection against caries for clinical use.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020653924016174AdhesionABRZEnamelMicroshear bond strengthThermal cycling
spellingShingle Hirotoshi Iwabuchi
Go Inoue
Xuefei Chen
Masaomi Ikeda
Yasushi Shimada
Acid resistance and bond strength of calcium-containing adhesive on enamel
International Dental Journal
Adhesion
ABRZ
Enamel
Microshear bond strength
Thermal cycling
title Acid resistance and bond strength of calcium-containing adhesive on enamel
title_full Acid resistance and bond strength of calcium-containing adhesive on enamel
title_fullStr Acid resistance and bond strength of calcium-containing adhesive on enamel
title_full_unstemmed Acid resistance and bond strength of calcium-containing adhesive on enamel
title_short Acid resistance and bond strength of calcium-containing adhesive on enamel
title_sort acid resistance and bond strength of calcium containing adhesive on enamel
topic Adhesion
ABRZ
Enamel
Microshear bond strength
Thermal cycling
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020653924016174
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AT goinoue acidresistanceandbondstrengthofcalciumcontainingadhesiveonenamel
AT xuefeichen acidresistanceandbondstrengthofcalciumcontainingadhesiveonenamel
AT masaomiikeda acidresistanceandbondstrengthofcalciumcontainingadhesiveonenamel
AT yasushishimada acidresistanceandbondstrengthofcalciumcontainingadhesiveonenamel