Effects of enteral nutrition protocols on nutritional indicators and prognosis in neurological ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial
Abstract This study investigates the effects of adding whey protein powder and Bifidobacterium quadruplex live bacterial tablets to enteral nutrition on nutritional indicators, complications, and prognosis in neurological ICU patients. Between April 2022 and December 2023, 100 patients requiring ent...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12650-y |
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| author | Xia Zhang Jun Zhang Zhi-bo You Guo-fang Zhang Ya Chen Xue-jiao Zhou Yuan-hua Si Zhong Luo Zu-cai Xu Ben-hai Yao Piao Cao |
| author_facet | Xia Zhang Jun Zhang Zhi-bo You Guo-fang Zhang Ya Chen Xue-jiao Zhou Yuan-hua Si Zhong Luo Zu-cai Xu Ben-hai Yao Piao Cao |
| author_sort | Xia Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study investigates the effects of adding whey protein powder and Bifidobacterium quadruplex live bacterial tablets to enteral nutrition on nutritional indicators, complications, and prognosis in neurological ICU patients. Between April 2022 and December 2023, 100 patients requiring enteral nutrition in our hospital’s Neurology ICU were randomly assigned to four groups (25 each): EN1 (enteral nutrition only), EN2 (enteral nutrition + Bifidobacterium), EN3 (enteral nutrition + Bifidobacterium + whey protein), and EN4 (enteral nutrition + whey protein). Nutritional indicators (albumin, total protein, prealbumin), complication rates (diarrhea, constipation, gastric issues), prognosis indicators (hospital stay, ventilator use, lung infections, antibiotic use), and APACHE II scores were compared. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, NO: KLL-2021-112. We confirm that all experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. After 7 days, EN3 and EN4 groups showed significantly improved nutritional indicators compared to EN1, with EN3 outperforming EN2. Diarrhea and gastric mucosal bleeding were less frequent in EN2 and EN3 compared to EN1 and EN4. APACHE II scores improved significantly in EN3 and EN4 post-treatment. EN3 had the lowest pulmonary infection rate and reduced antibiotic use, but hospitalization time differences were not significant across groups. Metabolic indicators showed no significant differences between groups. Supplementing enteral nutrition with whey protein powder and Bifidobacterium quadruplex improves nutritional status, reduces gastrointestinal complications, and enhances prognosis in critically ill neurological patients. Trial registration: ChiCTR2300079322, (30/12/2023); Website where it was obtained: https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/home |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6c688dca8b5d428e9e569a3f096ecc35 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-6c688dca8b5d428e9e569a3f096ecc352025-08-24T11:23:31ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-12650-yEffects of enteral nutrition protocols on nutritional indicators and prognosis in neurological ICU patients: a randomized controlled trialXia Zhang0Jun Zhang1Zhi-bo You2Guo-fang Zhang3Ya Chen4Xue-jiao Zhou5Yuan-hua Si6Zhong Luo7Zu-cai Xu8Ben-hai Yao9Piao Cao10Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityAbstract This study investigates the effects of adding whey protein powder and Bifidobacterium quadruplex live bacterial tablets to enteral nutrition on nutritional indicators, complications, and prognosis in neurological ICU patients. Between April 2022 and December 2023, 100 patients requiring enteral nutrition in our hospital’s Neurology ICU were randomly assigned to four groups (25 each): EN1 (enteral nutrition only), EN2 (enteral nutrition + Bifidobacterium), EN3 (enteral nutrition + Bifidobacterium + whey protein), and EN4 (enteral nutrition + whey protein). Nutritional indicators (albumin, total protein, prealbumin), complication rates (diarrhea, constipation, gastric issues), prognosis indicators (hospital stay, ventilator use, lung infections, antibiotic use), and APACHE II scores were compared. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, NO: KLL-2021-112. We confirm that all experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. After 7 days, EN3 and EN4 groups showed significantly improved nutritional indicators compared to EN1, with EN3 outperforming EN2. Diarrhea and gastric mucosal bleeding were less frequent in EN2 and EN3 compared to EN1 and EN4. APACHE II scores improved significantly in EN3 and EN4 post-treatment. EN3 had the lowest pulmonary infection rate and reduced antibiotic use, but hospitalization time differences were not significant across groups. Metabolic indicators showed no significant differences between groups. Supplementing enteral nutrition with whey protein powder and Bifidobacterium quadruplex improves nutritional status, reduces gastrointestinal complications, and enhances prognosis in critically ill neurological patients. Trial registration: ChiCTR2300079322, (30/12/2023); Website where it was obtained: https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/homehttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12650-yNeurological intensive care unitEnteral nutritionMicroecologicsWhey protein powder |
| spellingShingle | Xia Zhang Jun Zhang Zhi-bo You Guo-fang Zhang Ya Chen Xue-jiao Zhou Yuan-hua Si Zhong Luo Zu-cai Xu Ben-hai Yao Piao Cao Effects of enteral nutrition protocols on nutritional indicators and prognosis in neurological ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial Scientific Reports Neurological intensive care unit Enteral nutrition Microecologics Whey protein powder |
| title | Effects of enteral nutrition protocols on nutritional indicators and prognosis in neurological ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full | Effects of enteral nutrition protocols on nutritional indicators and prognosis in neurological ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_fullStr | Effects of enteral nutrition protocols on nutritional indicators and prognosis in neurological ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of enteral nutrition protocols on nutritional indicators and prognosis in neurological ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_short | Effects of enteral nutrition protocols on nutritional indicators and prognosis in neurological ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_sort | effects of enteral nutrition protocols on nutritional indicators and prognosis in neurological icu patients a randomized controlled trial |
| topic | Neurological intensive care unit Enteral nutrition Microecologics Whey protein powder |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12650-y |
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