Busting “ghost subtitles” on streaming services

In this paper we focus on a phenomenon that all subtitle users experience: “ghost subtitles”. “Ghost subtitles” are subtitles we notice in our peripheral vision, only to find them gone by the time our eyes have moved down to start readingordisappearing while we are still reading. “Ghost subtitles” o...

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Main Authors: Jan-Louis Kruger, Sixin Liao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Western Sydney University 2025-07-01
Series:Translation and Interpreting : the International Journal of Translation and Interpreting Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.trans-int.org/index.php/transint/article/view/2068/522
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author Jan-Louis Kruger
Sixin Liao
author_facet Jan-Louis Kruger
Sixin Liao
author_sort Jan-Louis Kruger
collection DOAJ
description In this paper we focus on a phenomenon that all subtitle users experience: “ghost subtitles”. “Ghost subtitles” are subtitles we notice in our peripheral vision, only to find them gone by the time our eyes have moved down to start readingordisappearing while we are still reading. “Ghost subtitles” often meet the minimum duration and maximum speed requirements set by platforms or broadcasters butdisregardthe time it takes to move gaze from the imageto the subtitle (i.e., processing latency). The one-speed-fits-all approach means that, many subtitlesare not on screen long enough to allow viewers to finish reading them, which could result in frustrating viewing experiences. Todetermine how prevalent fast subtitles are on streaming platforms, this paper presents an analysis of the distribution of subtitle speeds based on a corpus of subtitles from one of the major streaming platforms. We further investigated the impact of subtitle speed and audio language on processing latency based on eye-movement data from a total of 109 participants in two separate experiments.We found that almost 15% of subtitlesin our corpuswere faster than 20 cps, and almost 8% of subtitles were shorter than one second. We also found processing latencies of around 400 ms for fast subtitles to around 700 ms at speeds of 12 cps, and between 580 ms and 760 ms in different audio conditions.This points to the importance of setting subtitle speed and duration in a way that allows viewers enough time to process both the image and the subtitle properly.
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spelling doaj-art-6c22f6a4a66442cb9e6ced2a77dbbd612025-08-20T03:06:30ZengWestern Sydney UniversityTranslation and Interpreting : the International Journal of Translation and Interpreting Research1836-93242025-07-01172385410.12807/ti.117202.2025.a03Busting “ghost subtitles” on streaming servicesJan-Louis Kruger0Sixin Liao1Macquarie UniversityMacquarie UniversityIn this paper we focus on a phenomenon that all subtitle users experience: “ghost subtitles”. “Ghost subtitles” are subtitles we notice in our peripheral vision, only to find them gone by the time our eyes have moved down to start readingordisappearing while we are still reading. “Ghost subtitles” often meet the minimum duration and maximum speed requirements set by platforms or broadcasters butdisregardthe time it takes to move gaze from the imageto the subtitle (i.e., processing latency). The one-speed-fits-all approach means that, many subtitlesare not on screen long enough to allow viewers to finish reading them, which could result in frustrating viewing experiences. Todetermine how prevalent fast subtitles are on streaming platforms, this paper presents an analysis of the distribution of subtitle speeds based on a corpus of subtitles from one of the major streaming platforms. We further investigated the impact of subtitle speed and audio language on processing latency based on eye-movement data from a total of 109 participants in two separate experiments.We found that almost 15% of subtitlesin our corpuswere faster than 20 cps, and almost 8% of subtitles were shorter than one second. We also found processing latencies of around 400 ms for fast subtitles to around 700 ms at speeds of 12 cps, and between 580 ms and 760 ms in different audio conditions.This points to the importance of setting subtitle speed and duration in a way that allows viewers enough time to process both the image and the subtitle properly.https://www.trans-int.org/index.php/transint/article/view/2068/522ghost subtitlesprocessing latencystreaming servicessubtitle speed
spellingShingle Jan-Louis Kruger
Sixin Liao
Busting “ghost subtitles” on streaming services
Translation and Interpreting : the International Journal of Translation and Interpreting Research
ghost subtitles
processing latency
streaming services
subtitle speed
title Busting “ghost subtitles” on streaming services
title_full Busting “ghost subtitles” on streaming services
title_fullStr Busting “ghost subtitles” on streaming services
title_full_unstemmed Busting “ghost subtitles” on streaming services
title_short Busting “ghost subtitles” on streaming services
title_sort busting ghost subtitles on streaming services
topic ghost subtitles
processing latency
streaming services
subtitle speed
url https://www.trans-int.org/index.php/transint/article/view/2068/522
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